Multifunctional Polymer Nanocomposites in Next Generation Smart Structures

The development of nano-structured materials have opened a new paradigm whereby the nano-reinforcement and matrix resin can be tailored to optimize the physical and mechanical properties of resulting reinforced nano-composite materials manifold. The potential applications of this revolutionary class of nano-composite promise a significant opportunity for improving structural dynamic properties. This has led to emergence of new frontiers in mechanical, electronic and aerospace structures focusing on multi functionalized, self assembling and self healing materials. Such kind of materials can sense and autonomously respond to changes in environmental conditions, flight envelope and structural health, ultimately enhancing the durable performance characteristics and mission survivability for next generation aerospace vehicles. This chapter reviews the latest developments in the area of nano-composites with reference to nano-clays, nano-fibers and nano-tubes and their applications in smart aerospace structures. The classification, characterization and applications of various types of nano-composites have been discussed in aerospace industry in detail. It will highlight the applications of nano-composites in relaunch vehicles, space ladders, ablatives, internal motor casing and nano-modified carbon/carbon composites. Successes in this field have sprawled the subsequent attempts to emulate biological, bio-mimetic and smart materials. This will result in paradigm shift in space doctrine and philosophy for establishing space stations in low earth orbit in times to come.

Keywords: Composite materials, nanoclay, nanocarbon tubes, nano fibers, smart structures, fiber optic sensors, morphing wings, nanophotonics, photonic structures.