Abstract
A general introduction, history as well as major recent advances and problems of paleoclimatology are presented, including paleoclimatology of stable isotopes (13C, 18O), dendroclimatology, and the use of other climate proxies. An estimation of advantages and shortcomings of various sources of the climatic information is made. Moreover, the divergence issue between different proxies is discussed. Long-term climatic oscillations, established by means of paleoclimatology are also described.
Keywords: Dendroclimatology, paleoclimatology, stable isotopes.