Clinical Applications of Fundus Autofluorescence

Conventional fundus autofluorescence (AF) and near-infrared autofluorescence (NIA) are imaging techniques now used routinely in clinical practice by most retinal specialists. Detecting different fluorophores [predominantly lipofuscin in the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) by the former and melanin in the RPE and choroid by the latter] AF and NIA provide different information to the clinician with regards to the status of the retina. Wider experience exists, to date, with the use of AF as the technique of NIA has been described only recently. Accordingly, several studies have demonstrated the value of AF imaging in the management of patients with posterior segment disorders, not only as a diagnostic tool but also providing prognostic information. Agerelated macular degeneration, inherited retinal diseases, posterior uveitis, intraocular tumors, central serous chorioretinopathy and vitreo-retinal disorders are some of the conditions in which fundus AF has been shown to be helpful to the clinician. As more knowledge on conventional fundus AF is emerging, and the use of NIA is becoming more widespread, it is likely that the scope for these imaging techniques will expand.

Keywords: Autofluorescence, AF, NIA, near-infrared autofluorescence, lipofuscin, scanning laser ophthalmoscope, cSLO, SLO, age-related macular degeneration, AMD, neovascular, atrophic, fluorescein angiography, FFA, optical coherence tomography (OCT), drusen, choroidal neovascular membrane, CNV, choroidal neovascularisation, retinal angiomatous proliferation, RAP, geographic atrophy, GA, inherited retinal disease, retinitis pigmentosa, RP, conerod dystrophy, cone dystrophy, pattern dystrophy, PD, adult vitrelliform macular dystrophy, AVMD, Best disease, Stargardt disease, fundus flavimaculatus, x-linked retinoschisis, retinoschisis, Leber congenital amaurosis, RPE 65, maternally inherited diabetes and deafness, MIDD, choroideremia, central serous chorioretinopathy, CSR, vitreoretinal, macula, retina, eye, macular hole. Pseudomacular hole, pseudohole, FTMH, LMH, MPH, OCT, uveitis, intraocular tumor, choroidal melanoma, choroidal haemoangioma, choroidal nevus, congenital hypertrophy or the RPE, retinal imaging, retinal pigment epithelium, RPE, cystoid macular edema, oedema, carrier, macular dystrophy, fundus photography, HRA