Optical Coherence Tomography in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is the leading cause of blindness in the developed world. With the advent of anti-VEGF therapy only a small proportion of patients with neovascular AMD will develop severe visual impairment. Although, monthly injections of anti-VEGF treatment may have the potential to achieve excellent visual outcomes, this regime is costly and not without risk. Hence, most retinal specialists opt to use optical coherent topography (OCT) to guide patient’s re-treatment. OCT is also being used as a screening tool to detect early signs of neovascular AMD in patients with age-related maculopathy as well as to help in characterizing AMD phenotypes. Thus, OCT can be used to help in the differentiation between pure serous retinal pigment epithelial detachment (PED) and vascularized PED. In the latter, subretinal fluid (SRF) is present and can be identified by OCT; vascularized PED is amenable to anti-VEGF treatment. OCT may also be helpful in the identification of retinal angiomatous proliferation (RAP) and polypoidal choriovasculopathy (PCV), two forms of neovascular AMD which often require more intensive treatment.

Keywords: Macula, maculopathy, retina, diabetes, fluorescein angiography, FFA, autofluorescence, AF, optical coherence tomography, OCT, time domain, spectral domain, spectralis, stratus, age-related macular degeneration, AMD, neovascular, atrophic, drusen, choroidal neovascular membrane, CNV, retinal angiomatous proliferation, RAP, geographic atrophy, GA, subretinal fluid, intraretinal fluid, choroidal neovascular membrane, CNV, choroidal neovascularisation, vascular endothelial growth factor, VEGF, anti-VEGF, occult, classic, pigment epithelial detachment, PED, retinal pigment epithelial tear, retinal pigment epithelium, RPE, idiopathic polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, IPCV, disciform scar.