Impact of Biochar on Crop Yield and Production

 Urbanization and population growth have significantly impacted the health and fertility of the soil, putting more strain on farming systems. It is becoming increasingly necessary to use chemical pesticides and fertilizers in order to meet the world's growing food demand. There is a significant contribution to greenhouse gas emissions from these practices. The use of biochar as a multifunctional carbon material is being extensively investigated in order to address the problems of improving soil fertility and lowering climate change at the same time. In order to enhance seed germination and seedling growth, biochar is applied at a low level. In addition to changing the abiotic and microbial activities of the rhizosphere, biochar increase the mineralization of nutrients and make them more available to plants. By reducing heavy metals and increasing plant resistance to environmental stresses, biochar increases plant resistance to pathogens and abiotic challenges. By providing an in-depth analysis of biochar's impacts on crop physio-morphological traits, soil’s physio-chemical properties and productivity, as well as ways toreduce environmental problems were determined. As a result of this chapter, biochar can be produced in a way that is efficient and serves the purpose that crops and soil need. Increasing crop production, assuring food security, and improving environmental management may all benefit from it.

Keywords: Agricultural production, Biochar, Carbon substance, Crop yield and food security, Growth and development, Plant resilience, Soil fertility, Urbanisation.