Vital Probes 1. Cell Organelles

Abstract

The visualization of cell structures by fluorescent vital probes to study cell organelles, cell viability and signaling processes has great importance in biomedical sciences. Main interest is devoted to the uptake, accumulation and prediction of localization of drugs and xenobiotics in cultured cells. Mechanistic aspects and predictive rules are studied using numerical parameters, which conform the quantitative structure-activity relationships (QSAR) for vital probes. The uptake of probes into cells is the first step for labeling. Several mechanisms of cell uptake and accumulation in cell organelles are known, the most relevant being passive diffusion and active endocytosis (i.e. adsorptive and fluid-phase, binding to receptors). In addition to theoretical predictions, direct cytotoxic effects, photodynamic action, and fading must be taken into account in the microscopical evaluation of uptake and localization of fluorescent probes.

Keywords: Acridine orange, Amphiphilicity, Autofluorescence, Benzothiazoles, Chromatin DNA, Colocalization, DiOC1(3), Golgi apparatus, Hoechst dyes, Hydroethidine, Hydrophobic index, Log P, Lysosomes, Merocyanine 540, Mitochondria, Nile red, QSAR, Rhodamine 123, Trypan blue.