Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a complex metabolic disorder characterized by impaired glucose metabolism and pancreatic β-cell dysfunction. No effective treatments are available for T2D, although there have been many developments in the therapeutic arena. Nitric oxide (NO) is an endocrine agent with multiple and important biological roles in most mammalian tissues. NO has emerged as a central regulator of energy metabolism and body composition. NO bioavailability is decreased in T2D. Several of the pharmaceuticals used in T2D affect the NO system and perhaps even more so by the drugs we use to treat diabetic cardiovascular complications. Experimental works in animal models of T2D show promising results with interventions aimed to increase NO signaling. However, translation into human studies has so far been less successful, but more large-scale prolonged studies are clearly needed to understand its role. This book is a collection of reviews that deal with the role of nitric oxide in type 2 diabetes, providing a unique overview of NO signaling, and pointing out key areas for more detailed research. The book includes contributions about the pathophysiology of T2D, a brief history of discovery and timeline of NO research, a comprehensive overview of impaired NO metabolism in T2D, precursors of NO (i.e., L-arginine, L-citrulline, nitrate, nitrites, and NO donors), NO and T2D from genetic points of view, NO and diabetic wound healing, NO and osteoporosis, NO and hyperuricemia, NO and Alzheimer's Disease, therapeutic applications of NO and NO donors in T2D. The compilation is of great value to anyone interested in the biochemistry of NO and its relationship to diabetes.

This comprehensive reference is a timely exploration of two vital aspects of triple-negative breast cancer. The book offers a holistic perspective that helps readers to navigate the challenges of managing triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) with knowledge and confidence. Understanding Ethnic Disparities and Targeted Therapies: This section provides a critical overview of the ethnic disparities and the latest targeted therapies available for patients facing advanced or metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC). Empowering Patients and Enhancing Communication: This section dives into the essential role of patient education, empowerment, effective communication with medical teams, and psychological or supportive approaches, providing invaluable insights into managing advanced or metastatic breast cancer (BC). Key Features: Introduces a groundbreaking perspective on the TNBC journey, encouraging patients to view their battle with the disease as an opportunity to leverage modern pharmacological advancements and psychological support for improved outcomes. Bridges the gap between clinical or research-related aspects of BC management and the personal needs and expectations of patients, promoting a more holistic approach. Invites perspectives from a wide range of medical professionals, from oncologists and cardiologists to psychologists and nurses, to engage in open dialogues with patients, offering practical education and crucial support. Provides a wealth of helpful resources (including an appendix) for both patients and their medical caregivers, fostering a comprehensive and supportive approach to managing TNBC. This book is an informative resource for medical professionals, researchers, and patients, who want to understand the complexities of triple-negative breast cancer and apply current knowledge in their clinical and caregiving practice.

The field of sleep medicine has gone through tremendous evolution since the discovery of REM sleep in 1953 and remarkable research in recent years has led to multiple advances in sleep medicine. Approvals for new medicines for treating sleep disorders along with new evidence-based interventions for insomnia and sleep apnea, have transformed sleep medicine into a medical specialty in its own right. The Latest Trends in Sleep Medicine reviews the most important improvements in sleep medicine, with contributions from over fifteen international and respected experts in the discipline. Ten chapters cover topics of interest to healthcare professionals who are focused on somnology such as the management of sleep disorders, restless leg syndrome, sleep apnea medication and surgery, REM sleep behavior disorder and cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia. In addition to these topics in medicine, the contributors present broader picture of sleep medicine by reviewing secondary topics such as sleep and aging, and driving safety. The Latest Trends in Sleep Medicine will be useful to healthcare professionals seeking to improve their understanding about contemporary sleep medicine. It also serves as a timely update for respiratory and sleep medicine clinicians, whose efforts are still needed in treating and improving the quality and length of life in patients with complex sleep disorders. Audience: Healthcare professionals, residents and students in general, respiratory and sleep medicine sub specialties.

The Evolution of Radionanotargeting towards Clinical Precision Oncology is a remarkable book honoring Professor Kalevi Kairemo, who is known among academic and medical circles as a pioneer in novel radiolabeled therapeutics. This festschrift provides an overview of key advances in the field of radionanotargeting, and the directions for future development in patient care. Prof Kairemo's research is based on multiomics, which involves multiple elements: genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, microbiomics, epigenomics, exposome, imaging, and precision medicine, which is reflected by the unique collection of articles presented. The articles start from the angle of radionanotargeting and theragnostics leading to imaging and therapy, which includes sections for thyroid cancer, head and neck cancer, genitourinary cancers and neuroendocrine neoplasms. Theragnostics, nanoparticles and precision oncology have also been covered in their own segments, while also giving a glimpse of research in metabolic imaging, cardiovascular radionuclide imaging, and bone therapies. The sequence of chapters demonstrates how, through Professor Kairemo's efforts, radionanotargeting has evolved to a practice changing therapeutic approach in the clinic, particularly in oncology. Finally, Professor Kairemo's own memoir, Seven decades in health care and memoirs from colleagues including a personal introduction to him with a photographic cavalcade reveals the world of a multitasking person with a multidisciplinary approach to science, that ushered his development of significant expertise across the fields of chemistry, biology, engineering, physics and clinical medicine. This book is excellent for medical historians, trainees and specialists in clinical and radiological oncology in expanding their understanding of the role of radionuclide imaging over the years, making it an ideal tribute that belongs in the library of anyone involved in the field.

Probiotics have been suggested to be involved in both prevention and treatment of various human cancers. Probiotics in Anticancer Immunity is a set of volumes in the Frontiers in Cancer Immunology series that explains biochemical mechanisms of anticancer immunity exerted by probiotics in various human cancers. It presents edited chapters focused on the evidence of probiotic use against human cancers through several animal and human studies. This volume of Probiotics in Anticancer Immunity consists of 11 chapters. The introductory chapters provide information about the link between gut microbiota and the host immune system in cancer and the general mechanisms of anticancer immunity exerted by probiotics. Subsequent chapters are focused on probiotics' anticancer immunity in specific cancers such as, skin cancer, stomach cancer, breast cancer, lung cancer, head and neck cancer, liver cancer, cervical and colon cancer. Key features - Gives a new dimensions and insight in the role of probiotics in anticancer immunity towards various human cancers - Provides several color figures and tables to clearly explain relevant information - Includes recent information with new insights and references - Meets the needs of basic (pre-clinical) and advanced clinical researchers and postgraduate scholars

Probiotics have been suggested to be involved in both prevention and treatment of various human cancers. Anticancer Immunity: Reviewing the Potential of Probiotics explains biochemical mechanisms of anticancer immunity exerted by probiotics in various human cancers. It presents edited chapters focused on the evidence of probiotic use against human cancers through several animal and human studies. This volume consists of 11 chapters. The volume continues from the previous entry with chapters focused on probiotics’ anticancer immunity in specific cancers such as, bladder cancer, renal cell carcinoma, prostate cancer, lymphomas, pancreatic cancer, oral cancer and oropharyngeal cancers. The book concludes with chapters that inform readers about the value of prebiotics, postbiotics and postbiotics in cancer therapy as adjuvants and immunotherapeutic agents. Key features - Gives a new dimension and insight in the role of probiotics in anticancer immunity towards various human cancers - Provides several color figures and tables to clearly explain relevant information. - Includes recent information with new insights and references - Meets the needs of basic (pre-clinical) and advanced clinical researchers and postgraduate scholars

Scientific Philosophy and Principles in Medicine is an accessible treatise on the philosophy that guides medical practice. It lays the foundation of a multidisciplinary framework behind the development of the medical profession. The book presents 10 chapters that cover issues that are frequently encountered by medical professionals in their career: philosophical and linguistic principles of rational thought, scientific, crisp and fuzzy logic, diagnostic aspects, the history of medicine, epistemological concepts, approximate reasoning, principles of medical wisdom, numerical and graphical diagnostics, and the collaboration of researchers involved in the fields of engineering and medicine. The author of the book brings several years of teaching experience and medical practice into this reference with the goal of integrating principles of scientific philosophy and logic into medical education. Readers will understand the process of devising rational diagnostic and treatment approaches that support human health as a generative process that seeks to solve problems through creativity, rather than a classical process of following medical protocols. This book is intended as a basic reference for medical students, teachers, and general readers interested in the application of logic, philosophy and scientific principles in medicine.

Breast cancer is one of the most common cancer types worldwide, and is a leading cause of cancer related deaths in women. In this book, medical experts review our current understanding of the molecular biology and characteristics of breast cancer. The topics covered in this book provide comprehensive knowledge of mechanisms underlying breast carcinogenesis, and are intended for a wide audience including scientists, teachers, and students. 11 chapters present information about several topics on breast cancer, including the role of cell growth and proliferation pathways, androgen and cytokine signaling, germline mutations in breast cancer susceptibility genes, and molecular factors causing invasive and metastatic breast cancer. In addition, the editors discuss the recent advancements in multi-omics data analysis based on inter-and intra-tumor molecular profiles. The reference highlights how the knowledge and understanding of the biological behavior of breast neoplasms have facilitated ongoing investigations into dietary polyphenolic compounds with antioxidant properties, making them function as cancer chemopreventive agents. Along with this, the current development of treatment strategies such as targeted molecular therapy, and radiation therapy is brought to the fore to update readers.

Cancer Medicine in an Ayurvedic Perspective: A Critical Overview is a quick guide written to assist practitioners and Ayurveda academicians in understanding Ayurvedic views on cancer. This book is divided into nine chapters. It starts with a brief overview of cancer and epigenetics before delving into Ayurvedic approach to cancer etiopathogenesis, prevention and therapy. Concepts such as prakriti, Dincharya, Rutucharya and Yoga are explained alongside cancer screening and herbal medications. Whether you are a student of Ayurveda, working professional in medicine, a caregiver, or a general reader interested in the subject, this quick guide will give you a better understanding of how Ayurvedic medicine can be used to aid cancer patients.

Common Pediatric Diseases: An Updated Review informs the reader about common diseases in children that are encountered by pediatricians and family physicians. Each of the 14 chapters in the volume presents updated information for readers with the aim to give them a current perspective on the topic. This book is a handy and practical compendium for medical students and healthcare professionals involved in general practice and pediatric clinics. The text starts with a quick introduction to pediatric diseases, before progressing towards specific diseases in children. The list of topics in this book includes pediatric rheumatological diseases, common oral diseases, pediatric metabolic syndromes, pediatric epilepsy syndromes, pediatric demyelinating disorder, genetic epileptic encephalopathies (with an algorithmic diagnostic approach), Henoch-Schönlein purpura, atopic dermatitis, childhood-onset systemic lupus erythematosus, Severe Combined Immunodeficiency, PFAPA, aphthous stomatitis, pharyngitis, cervical adenitis syndrome and pediatric hepatoblastoma. [Series Intro] Updates on Pediatric Health and Disease is a comprehensive series of books on infant and adolescent health and diseases. The series features volumes that update readers on current understanding in basic information and advanced clinical practice in pediatric medicine. Neonatology as well as different diseases in all subspecialties of pediatrics, including allergy and immunology, cardiology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, hematology, infectious diseases, nephrology, oncology, pulmonology, rheumatology, neurology, psychiatry and dermatology are represented in each volume.