This volume presents information about several topics in the field of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) study of carbon-containing nanomaterials. It introduces the reader to an array of experimental and theoretical approaches for the analysis of paramagnetic centers (dangling bonds, interface defects, vacancies, and impurities) usually observed in modern carbon-containing materials such as nanographites, graphene, disordered onion-like carbon nanospheres (DOLCNS), single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs), multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), graphene oxide (GO), reduced graphene oxide (rGO), nanodiamonds, silicon carbonitride (SiCN) and silicon carbide (SiC) based composites and thin films. In particular, the book describes in detail: • The fundamentals of EPR spectroscopy and its application to the carbon-containing materials; • The resolution of the EPR signals from different species in carbon materials; • EPR characterization of spin dynamics in carbon nanomaterials; • Magnetic properties of DWCNTs and MWCNTs polymer composites; • EPR investigations on GO, rGO and CNTs with different chemical functionalities; • EPR spectroscopy of semiconducting SWCNTs thin films and their transistors; • In-situ EPR investigations of the oxygenation processes in coal and graphene materials; • The two-temperature EPR measurement method applied to carbonaceous solids; • Characterization of impurities in nanodiamonds and SiC nanomaterials and related size effects by CW and pulse EPR techniques; • Application of multifrequency EPR to the study of paramagnetic defects in a-Si1-xCx:H thin films and a-SiCxNy based composites. This volume is a useful guide for researchers interested in the EPR study of paramagnetic centers in the carbon-containing thin films, nanomaterials, ceramics, etc. It is also a valuable teaching tool at graduate and postgraduate levels for advanced courses in analytical chemistry, applied sciences and spectroscopy.

Fundamentals of Materials Engineering - A Basic Guide is a helpful textbook for readers learning the basics of materials science. This book covers important topics and fundamental concepts of materials engineering including crystal structure, imperfections, mechanical properties of materials, polymers, powder metallurgy, corrosion and composites. The authors have explained the concepts in an effective way and by using simple language for the benefit of a broad range of readers. This book is also beneficial to the students in engineering courses at B.Sc, M.Sc, and M.Tech. levels.

This reference focuses on defined types of compounds which are of interest to readers who are motivated to explore basic information about new materials for advanced industrial applications. General and established synthetic methodologies for several compounds are explained giving a straightforward approaches for researchers who intend to pursue new projects in materials sciences, This book presents 9 chapters, covering phthalocyanines, polymethines, porphyrins, BODIPYs, dendrimers, carbon allotropes, organic frameworks, nanoparticles and future prospects. Each chapter covers detailed synthetic aspects of the most established preparation routes for the specific compounds, while giving a historical perspective, with selective information on actual and outstanding applications of each material, unraveling what likely might be the future for each category. This book is intended as a hands-on reference guide for undergraduates and graduates interested in industrial chemistry and materials science.

Adsorption technology is a promising avenue for wastewater treatment. Numerous adsorbent materials are presently synthesized. Green or environmental friendly adsorbents are derived from plants and agricultural crop sources, giving them a very low production cost when compared to synthetic polymers. This monograph explains the basic principles of green adsorption technology, their production processes and strategies to remove different categories of environmental pollutants (dyes, heavy metals and phenols/pesticides). The book explains details in terms of features such as adsorption capacity, physico-chemical kinetics and reuse potential. A summary of the economics and future prospect for green adsorption technology is also given. This text is a handy reference for environmental chemistry students, researchers and policy makers.

This reference presents comprehensive information about laser surface treatments for tribological applications. Chapters of the book highlight the importance of laser technology in modifying materials to optimize the effects of friction and lubrication, by explaining a range of surface modification methods used in industries. These methods include hardening, melting, alloying, cladding and texturing. The knowledge in the book is intended to give an in-depth understanding about the role of laser technology in tribology and the manufacture of industrial materials and surfaces for special applications. Key Features: - 10 chapters on topics relevant to tribology and industrial applications of laser material processing - Comprehensively covers laser surface modification of metals and alloys - Explains a wide range of surface modification methods (hardening, melting, alloying, cladding and texturing) - Covers material and tribological characterization of surfaces - Presents information in a simple structured layout for easy reading, with introductory notes for learners - Provides references for further reading This book is an ideal reference for students and learners in courses related to engineering, manufacturing and materials science. Researchers, industrial professionals and general readers interested in laser assisted machining processes and surface modification techniques will also find the book to be an informative reference on the subject.

Mankind’s search for alternative energy sources to oil and gas reserves has been fueled by increasing energy demands and technological developments. Today, the prospect of harvesting energy from new sources is a major issue in scientific and economic discourse and will remain to be so in the future decades to come. Sunlight is known as a reliable and renewable energy source which can be utilized to meet forthcoming energy demand if it is exploited in an efficient manner. Light harvesting nanomaterials represent one way in which this can be achieved through biomimetics or artificially designed supramolecular structures. This eBook brings together facts about the underlying principles and theory about light harvesting systems. It presents interdisciplinary research work with emphasis on nanoscale objects used to harvest light. Light Harvesting Nanomaterials details a broad range of systems including solar cells which involve hybrid materials to durable tetrapyrrolic sensitizers and other nanopolymer based systems. This eBook is a valuable reference for advanced readers interested in novel technologies that utilize light energy for functional and technical benefits.

Explore the world of advanced materials and their manufacturing processes through this authoritative and enlightening reference. Discover how these innovations are shaping the future of high-tech industries and making a profound impact on our world. Manufacturing and Processing of Advanced Materials compiles current research and updates on development efforts in advanced materials, manufacturing, and their engineering applications. The book presents 22 peer-reviewed chapters that cover new materials and manufacturing processes. Key Topics Materials for the Future: Properties, classifications, and harmful effects of advanced engineering Innovative Manufacturing Techniques: Nanotechnology in material processing and manufacturing innovation. Advanced Welding and Joining: laser welding and friction stir welding in manufacturing composite materials. Sustainable Practices: 4. Eco-Friendly machining, water vapor cutting fluid, for high-speed milling., natural fiber reinforcement with materials like bamboo leaves. Advanced Materials Characterization and Modeling: Carbon nanotube (CNT)-reinforced nanocomposites and tribology for durable and reliable materials ensuring reliability. Materials for Energy and Electronics: Energy Storage Innovations and smart materials for electronic devices Novel Drilling and Machining Processes: Microwave drilling, electric discharge machining and die-sinking electric discharge machining for metal matrix composites. Innovations in Nanoparticle Production: Spark discharge method (SDM) for advanced nanoparticle production. The book caters to a diverse audience, offering an invaluable resource for researchers, engineers, graduate students, and professionals in materials science, engineering, chemistry, and physics. By enhancing their knowledge and expertise, readers are poised to become key contributors to various industries and technological advancements.

The aim of this Ebook is to provide a comprehensive overview of the basic production techniques for manufacturing of metal-based graded materials. A concise description of experimental methods and short analysis of some specific structures obtained are presented. In order to provide an easy-readable text, general mathematical models and specific tools for management of graded structures in metal matrix composites are presented separately in appendices. The movement of solid particles (reinforce phase) in gravity and centrifugal casting are widely discussed. Basic equations, which describe solid particle movement in case of Lorenz force application at graded structure production techniques and comprehensive model of physical phenomena in gasar technology, can also be found in this Ebook. The Ebook is useful for colleagues, who work in the field of graded structures and materials, and who need compact informative view of recent experimental and theoretical approaches in this area.

Oxynitride thin film technology is rapidly impacting a broad spectrum of applications, ranging from decorative functions (through optoelectronics) to corrosion resistance. Developing a better understanding of the relationships between deposition processes, structure and composition of the deposited films is critical to the continued evolution of these applications. This e-book provides valuable information about the process modeling, fabrication and characterization of metallic oxynitride-based thin films produced by reactive sputtering and some related deposition processes. Its contents are spread in twelve main and concise chapters through which the book thoroughly reviews the bases of oxynitride thin film technology and deposition processes, sputtering processes and the resulting behaviors of these oxynitride thin films. More importantly, the solutions for the growth of oxynitride technology are given in detail with an emphasis on some particular compounds. This is a valuable resource for academic learners studying materials science and industrial coaters, who are concerned not only about fundamental aspects of oxynitride synthesis, but also by their innate material characteristics.

Metallurgy and Technology of Steel Castings is a comprehensive textbook for students and professional engineers in the field of foundry engineering and materials science. The topics covered in this book explain the association between the quality of liquid metal and the properties of the finished cast. Readers will learn about the thermodynamic conditions for addition and recovery of chemical elements (such as Cr, Ni and Mo) in steel, degasifying processes, the influence of alloying additives for manufacturing steel castings that operate in extreme temperatures, anti-corrosive steels and basic cast conditions for making the castings (pouring and heat treatment systems). Metallurgy and Technology of Steel Castings gives readers essential information about steel and steel cast manufacturing processes and equips them with the knowledge to overcome the challenges faced in the foundry environment.