Many herbs and spices, in addition to their culinary use for taste, contain chemical compounds which have medicinal uses. For this reason, herbs and spices have been used for treating various ailments since ancient times. Modern scientific methods have enabled researchers to isolate bioactive compounds from herbs and spices and perform chemical analyses, which can be used to develop medicines to treat different diseases. This book series is a compilation of current reviews on studies performed on herbs and spices. Science of Spices and Culinary Herbs is essential reading for medicinal chemists, herbalists and biomedical researchers interested in the science of natural herbs and spices that are a common part of regional diets and folk medicine.

The fourth volume of this series features the following reviews:

1. Pharmacological effects of Curcuma longa, focused on anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulatory effects

2. Ethnomedicinal uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacological effects, Pre-clinical and Clinical studies on flaxseed: A spice and culinary herb-based formulations and its constituents

3. Nigella sativa (Prophetic medicine): The Miracle Herb

4. Properties of Mexican oregano (Lippia spp.) essential oils and their use in aquaculture

5. Curry leaf: An insight into its Pharmacological activities, Medicinal profile, and Phytochemistry

Many herbs and spices, in addition to their culinary use for taste, contain chemical compounds which have medicinal uses. For this reason, herbs and spices have been used for treating various ailments since ancient times. Modern scientific methods have enabled researchers to isolate bioactive compounds from herbs and spices and perform chemical analyses, which can be used to develop medicines to treat different diseases. This book series is a compilation of current reviews on studies performed on herbs and spices. Science of Spices and Culinary Herbs is essential reading for medicinal chemists, herbalists and biomedical researchers interested in the science of natural herbs and spices that are a common part of regional diets and folk medicine. <p> The fifth volume of this series features research on a variety of spices some of which appear in the series for the first time. <p> 1. Clove: The Spice of Polyvalent Merit <p> 2. Black Cumin Seeds: From Ancient Medicine to Current Clinical Trials <p> 3. The Evolution of Mentha arvensis (L.) As Potential Multifunctional Herbal Medicine: Traditional And Experimental Evidence <p> 4. Zingiber officinale: The Golden Spice as Portrayed in Ayurveda <p> 5. Effects of Cinnamon on Health and its Potential as a Functional Food Ingredient <p> 6. Sumac: A Spice with Many Health Benefits

Many herbs and spices, in addition to their culinary use for taste, contain chemical compounds which have medicinal uses. For this reason, herbs and spices have been used for treating various ailments since ancient times. Modern scientific methods have enabled researchers to isolate and analyze bioactive compounds from herbs and spices to develop medicines for different diseases. Science of Spices and Culinary Herbs presents current reviews on studies performed on herbs and spices. This book series is an informative resource for medicinal chemists, herbalists and biomedical researchers interested in the science of natural herbs and spices that are a common part of regional diets and folk medicine. The sixth volume of this series features reviews on medicinal aspects of a selection of herbs and spices, including: Pimpinella anisum L. (Anise, Aniseed) Sinapis alba L. (Mustard Seeds) Cinnamomum verum (Cinnamon) Tamarindus indica L (Tamarind) Curcuma longa (Curcumin) Glycyrrhiza glabra (Licorice).

Understanding the dispersion and the deposition of inertial particles convected by turbulent flows is a domain of research of considerable industrial interest. Inertial particle transport and dispersion are encountered in a wide range of flow configurations, whether they are of industrial or environmental character. Conventional models for turbulent dispersed flows do not appear capable of meeting the growing needs of chemical, mechanical and petroleum industries in this regard and physical environment testing is prohibitive. Direct Numerical Simulation (DNS) and Large Eddy Simulation (LES) have become powerful tools for the investigation of particle-laden turbulent flows with the help of advances in computing resources. The hybrid Eulerian-Lagrangian approach plays a key role in predicting inertial particle dispersion and deposition. This ebook explains the use of stochastic tools to enhance the accuracy of the Eulerian-Lagrangian large eddy simulation of particle-laden turbulent flows of practical interest. The book should be a useful resource for chemical, mechanical, petroleum and environmental engineering postgraduates and researchers interested in applying tractable yet powerful numerical tools to solve problems involving multiphase flows.

Drug discovery is still a process which involves screening of a large number of chemical compounds against a defined biological target. However, this approach is now being gradually replaced by more rational and knowledge-based approaches, such as in sillico screening and target based drug development. Increase in the cost of development of NME (New Molecular Entities) and productivity crises in pharmaceutical industry are catalyzing this change. Spectacular advances in the field of use of NMR spectroscopy in drug discovery and development have been triggered by a greater understanding of the disease process at the molecular level. While NMR is generally valued as an important tool for structure determination and more recently as a non-invasive diagnostic technique, its potential in drug discovery is based on its capacity to map molecular interactions at the atomic level. Chemical shifts, cross relaxation, and exchange of protons are among the NMR parameters which are highly sensitive to the exact molecular environments , and therefore yield information about how a small molecule (candidate compound) binds to a target protein (receptor) or to other macromolecules. These NMR parameters are also used to exactly map the part of the macromolecular target to which the ligand is bound. As a result, NMR is now extensively used as an efficient tool in the drug (ligand) discovery and optimization process or for the assessment of target drug ability. Recent advances in NMR hardware and methodology have provided a fresh impetus in the area of pharmaceutical innovation and productivity. This book is aimed to present recent cutting edge knowledge, practices and experiences in this important field. The book comprises seven scholarly written articles . Mailavaram and Devarakonda in their introductory review skillfully summarize the broad approaches of NMR-based drug discovery . Park and Kim focus on the use of NMR spectroscopic techniques in the study of drug delivery, drug release and other pharmaceutic parameters. Roberto and Marina provide a chronological account of fragment-based drug discovery by using NMR-based screening methods. Specific utilization of NMR-based techniques in the discovery and development of anticancer drugs is reviewed by Solomon and Lee. Ramalho et al. review another fascinating application of NMR in understanding the behavior and radio sensitizing properties of bioreductive drugs. Zoppetti comprehensively reviews the application of NMR spectroscopy in the study of host-guest cyclodextrin complexes, particularly their use as drug delivery vehicles. A concise review is contributed by Nhat and Hong on recent advances in the field of application of NMR in structure-activity relationship study of nanostructure drugs. These contributions of outstanding group of experts make this a very useful treatise of highly readable articles. Our felicitations and gratitude goes to them. The book will hopefully fulfill an important need of the scientific community by providing comprehensive reviews on cutting edge topics written by leading experts in the field. We extend our warmest thanks to the staff of Bentham Science Publishers, particularly, to Mr. Mahmood Alam (Director), Ms. Taqdees Malik (Editorial Assistant) and Ms. Sadaf Idrees Khan (Composer) for undertaking the important task of closely coordinating with the contributors and preparing the content lists, index, etc.

Surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) is a technique applied in multidisciplinary research. Its use has tremendously grown in the last 40 years owing to improved nanofabrication, biomolecules extraction and sensitive signal acquisition techniques. This book focuses on the underlying principles of SERS by emphasizing on basic concepts and background information about the subject. Chapters explain the physics of Raman spectroscopy while also indicating its relevance to designing protocols and methodologies for biosensing and imaging. The book gives updated and recent details on colloids and nanostructures, their fabrication, surface engineering and immobilization methods, all in context to SERS based biosensing. Key Features: - Covers basic knowledge and new research about surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) - Provides a complete framework on SERS based biosensing with concise chapters - Focuses on different active molecules critical to SERS and associated developed nanoassemblies - Presents information about ongoing research on SERS imaging applications - Highlights bottlenecks of SERS technique in biosensing - Includes references for further reading This book serves as a reference book for researchers and academicians and will also provide a reasonable understanding on the topic of SERS to newcomers irrespective of their background in a simple manner. The book is of interest to all readers within the scientific community involved with Raman spectroscopy, including chemists, physicists, biologists, material scientists as well as biomedical engineers.

Adulteration refers to the practice of altering food or pharmaceutical content to reduce production costs. Factors affecting this practice include market forces such as easy availability of food adulterants, bargaining power of consumers and large demand and supply gaps which incentivize such practices. Technological advancements in chemical analysis now help us to identify adulterated food and drugs more easily. Adulteration Analysis of Some Foods and Drugs is a sourcebook describing analytical methodologies for the determination of adulterants in different food items (milk, honey, juice) and drugs (dietary supplements, sildenafil and specific plant extracts). Additional chapters give guidelines for analyzing a food or drug sample. This book is suitable for researchers working in the field of analytical chemistry for the determination of adulterants. The concise and organized presentation of the contents also serves to enhance the level of knowledge of students undertaking food and drug safety / quality control training courses.

The primary objective of this 4-volume book series is to educate PharmD students on the subject of medicinal chemistry. The book set serves as a reference guide to pharmacists on aspects of chemical basis of drug action. This first volume of the series is comprised of 8 chapters focusing on basic background information about medicinal chemistry. It takes a succinct and conceptual approach to introducing important fundamental concepts required for a clear understanding of various facets of pharmacotherapeutic agents, drug metabolism and important biosynthetic pathways that are relevant to drug action. Notable topics covered in this first volume include the scope and importance of medicinal chemistry in pharmacy education, a comprehensive discussion of the organic functional groups present in drugs, and information about four major types of biomolecules (proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acids) and key heterocyclic ring systems. The concepts of acid-base chemistry and salt formation, and their applications to the drug action and design follow thereafter. These include concepts of solubility and lipid-water partition coefficient (LWPC), isosterism, stereochemical properties, mechanisms of drug action, drug receptor interactions critical for pharmacological responses of drugs, and much more. Students and teachers will be able to integrate the knowledge presented in the book and apply medicinal chemistry concepts to understand the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of therapeutic agents in the body.

The primary objective of this 4-volume book series is to educate PharmD students on the subject of medicinal chemistry. The book set serves as a reference guide to pharmacists on aspects of the chemical basis of drug action. Medicinal Chemistry of Drugs Affecting the Nervous System is the second volume of the series and it presents 8 chapters focusing on a comprehensive account of drugs affecting the nervous system. The volume informs readers about the medicinal chemistry of relevant drugs, which includes the mechanism of drug action, detail structure activity relationships and metabolism as well as clinical significance of drugs affecting autonomic and central nervous system. Chapters in this volume cover cholinergic drugs, adrenergic drugs, antipsychotics, antidepressants, sedatives, hypnotics, anxiolytics, antiepileptic drugs, anesthetics and antiparkinsonian drugs, respectively. Students and teachers will be able to integrate the knowledge presented in the book and apply medicinal chemistry concepts to understand the pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics of therapeutic agents in the body. The information offered by the book chapters will give readers a strong neuropharmacology knowledge base required for a practicing pharmacist.

Recent Advances in Analytical Techniques is a collection of updates in techniques used in chemical analysis. This volume presents information about a selection of analytical techniques. Readers will find information about: - New methods of sample preparation in biological and environmental analysis - Developments in electrochemical sensors - In vivo cytometry for detection of tumor cells - Flow discharge spectroscopy for depth profile analysis - Advances in photodynamic therapy - New methods to analyze volatility in alcoholic beverages