Physical Insight into Ultra-low Desulfurization of Liquid Fuels using Sono-hybrid Fenton Reaction

Abstract

The sulfur-containing hydrocarbons are the main source of SOx and CO2 gas emissions, which is a threat to the environment for sustainability development. According to the US environment protection agency, the sulfur content should be within the limit of 15 ppm and 30 ppm for diesel and gasoline, respectively. Also, a couple of advanced techniques have been developed so far for the removal of sulfur from fuels. Among these techniques, ultrasound-based advanced oxidation processes have been found to be more efficient and effective for sulfur removal. In this chapter, we have discussed the physical and chemical mechanism of ultrasound based advanced oxidation processes including the influences of process parameters such as pH, the concentration of sulfur, concentration of oxidant, presence of phase transfer catalyst, oxalate ions, etc. Also, several hybrid techniques are discussed with their advantages and disadvantages for obtaining ultra-low sulfur fuel.

Keywords: Advanced oxidation processes, Cavitation, Desulfurization, Fenton, Ferrioxalate, Phase transfer catalyst, Photocatalysis, Reaction mechanism, Ultrasound