New Trends in Electrochemical Sensors Modified with Carbon Nanotubes and Graphene for Pharmaceutical Analysis

Pp: 249-301 (53)

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Abstract

Recently, carbon nanotubes (CNT) and graphene have been chosen as electrode material due to their unique mechanical, optical and electrical properties. These carbon-based materials are used to facilitate electrode reaction and produce an electrocatalytic effect. Moreover, a plethora of literature has emerged concerning CNT and graphene being employed to obtain a more selective and sensitive analysis. This chapter reviews this emerging literature focusing on drug analysis from pharmaceutical dosage forms and biological matrices. To achieve this, first, there is a summary of the basic properties, synthesis, characterization, electrode preparation and advantages/limitations of these materials, and then a selection of the literature from 2010 to 2017 is presented, which summarizes the type of electrode, electrochemical techniques, peak potential of drug compounds and the limit of detection values.

Keywords: Amperometry, Analysis, Buffer solution, Carbon nanotube, Chronoamperometry, Chronocoulometry, Composite material, Cyclic voltammetry, Determination, Drug, Electrochemistry, Electrochemical sensors, Graphene, Graphene oxide, Impedance spectroscopy, Modified electrodes, Nanosensors, Pharmaceutical formulation, Potentiometry, Stripping voltammetry.