A Combination of Subtherapeutic Doses of Chemically Modified Doxycycline (CMT-8) and a Bisphosphonate (Clodronate) Inhibits Bone Loss in the Ovariectomized Rat A Dynamic Histomorphometric and Gene Expression Study

N.   S.   Ramamurthy; S.      Bain; C.   T.   Liang; J.      Barnes; A.      Llavaneras; Y.      Liu; D.      Puerner; M.   J.   Strachan; L.   M.   Golub

doi:10.2174/0929867013373534

Abstract

Recent studies have demonstrated that tetracyclines can reduce bone loss in the ovariectomized (OVX) rat model of osteoporosis. In the current study, a non-antimicrobial, chemically modified doxycycline (CMT-8), alone or in combination with a bisphosphonate (Clodronate), was evaluated in this model. Forty-two, 6month old, female rats were randomly assigned to the following groups, (6/ group): a) sham/vehicle, b) OVX/vehicle; c) OVX/1 mg/day CMT-8; d) OVX/2 mg/day CMT-8, e) OVX/1 mg/week Clodronate; and f) OVX/1 mg/day CMT-8 plus 1 mg/week Clodronate, CMT-8 was administered by oral gavage, Clodronate injected S/C. Following sham surgery or OVX, the rats were treated for 90 days with CMT-8 or vehicle alone, injected at three different times with fluorochrome labels, the rats were sacrificed, and the tibiae excised for analysis by dynamic bone histomorphometry. Femurs were aseptically removed and analyzed for collagen, collagenase and osteopontin mRNAs by Northern and dot blot analysis. As expected, OVX decreased trabecular bone volume (BV/TV by 73.8percent vs. sham p less than.01), and also reduced trabecular thickness, numbers, and increased spacing. Bone loss in the OVX animals was partially prevented with either 2 mg/day CMT-8 or 1 mg/wk Clodronate (pless than.01), while the 1 mg/day CMT-8 had no effect. Interestingly, the efficacy of the combination therapy of CMT-8 and Clodronate was significantly better than either treatment by itself, maintaining bone mass and structural indices at levels identical to sham values. OVX rats mRNA for collagen, collagenase and osteopontin were elevated indicating high-turnover bone loss. Only COMBO therapy signifcantly reduced the collagenase and osteopontin mRNA. In summary, CMT-8 mono-therapy (2 mg) alone partially inhibited bone loss in this animal model of osteoporosis. However, 1mgday (CMT-8) monotherapy had no effect on bone loss or bone mRNA levels and when combined with Clodronate, interacted to increase efficacy. Thus, a combination of a suboptimal dose of CMT-8 and a bisphosphonate appears to increase the amount of bone by suppressing resorption in a model of osteoporosis.

Keywords: dynamic histomorphometric, modified doxycycline, gene expression, postmenopausal osteoporosis, decreasing osteoclastmediated bone, non antimicrobial teracycline, bone mineral densitry, distal metaphyseal region, clodronate or COMBO, serum CMT concentration, trabecular bone density