摘要
糖原合酶激酶3(GSK-3)是高度进化保守且普遍表达的丝氨酸/苏氨酸激酶,是一种对糖原合酶(GS)特异的酶蛋白。 GSK-3参与各种细胞功能和生理过程,包括细胞增殖,分化,运动性和存活以及糖原代谢,蛋白质合成和细胞凋亡。人类GSK-3有两个同种型(分别称为GSK-3α和GSK-3β),由两个不同的基因编码。近来,已经报道了GSK-3β充当跨细胞膜的各种转运过程的有力调节剂。这种激酶GSK-3β可以直接或间接刺激或抑制许多不同类型的转运蛋白,包括离子通道和细胞载体。更具体地说,GSK-3β敏感的细胞转运调节涉及各种钙,氯,钠和钾离子通道,以及许多与Na +偶联的细胞载体,包括兴奋性氨基酸转运蛋白EAAT2、3和4,高亲和性Na +偶联的葡萄糖载体SGLT1,肌酸转运蛋白1 CreaT1和II型钠/磷酸盐共转运蛋白NaPi-IIa。 GSK-3β依赖性细胞转运规则是许多生理和病理生理过程中激酶功能的一部分。显然,还需要进行其他研究来检查GSK-3β在许多其他类型的细胞转运蛋白中的作用,以及进一步阐明GSK-3β介导的细胞转运调控的潜在机制。
关键词: GSK-3,细胞转运,离子通道,膜载体,GSK-3β敏感细胞转运,EAAT2。
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