An Overview of Chromatin-Regulating Proteins in Cells

Title:An Overview of Chromatin-Regulating Proteins in Cells

Volume: 17 Issue: 5

Author(s): Pingyu Zhang, Keila Torres, Xiuping Liu, Chang-gong Liu and Raphael E. Pollock

Affiliation:

Keywords: Chromosome, histone, histone modification, chromatin-regulating protein, gene transcription, DNA replication, DNA repair, DNA recombination.

Abstract: In eukaryotic cells, gene expressions on chromosome DNA are orchestrated by a dynamic chromosome structure state that is largely controlled by chromatin-regulating proteins, which regulate chromatin structures, release DNA from the nucleosome, and activate or suppress gene expression by modifying nucleosome histones or mobilizing DNA-histone structure. The two classes of chromatinregulating proteins are 1) enzymes that modify histones through methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, adenosine diphosphate–ribosylation, glycosylation, sumoylation, or ubiquitylation and 2) enzymes that remodel DNA-histone structure with energy from ATP hydrolysis. Chromatin-regulating proteins, which modulate DNA-histone interaction, change chromatin conformation, and increase or decrease the binding of functional DNA-regulating protein complexes, have major functions in nuclear processes, including gene transcription and DNA replication, repair, and recombination. This review provides a general overview of chromatin-regulating proteins, including their classification, molecular functions, and interactions with the nucleosome in eukaryotic cells.

Cite this article as:

Zhang Pingyu, Torres Keila, Liu Xiuping, Liu Chang-gong and E. Pollock Raphael, An Overview of Chromatin-Regulating Proteins in Cells, Current Protein & Peptide Science 2016; 17 (5) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1389203717666160122120310