Abstract
The existence of long-lasting cellular reservoirs of HIV-1 is one of the major hurdles in developing effective anti-retroviral therapies. These latently infected cells and tissues efficiently evade immune responses and remain dormant until activated, upon which they can generate a productive HIV-1 infection. This classic scenario of viral latency becomes even more difficult to study and model due to the extreme complexity of translating in vivo virus-cell interactions into a controlled in vitro system. The recent developments and constant improvements upon hematopoietic engraftment of human cells and tissues onto recipient immunocompromised murine scaffolds have made it possible to model complex human innate and adaptive immune responses in a small animal model. Specifically, HIV-1 infection has been successfully modeled in these humanized mice to mimic transmission, pathogenesis, host immune responses, and treatment. Here, we review the complexities surrounding modeling HIV-1 latency in vitro and in vivo and highlight the most recent humanized mouse models that support retroviral infection.
Keywords: HIV-1, latency, HAART, humanized mouse model, HIV INFECTIONS, HIV-1 LATENCY, Primary Cells, Transformed cell lines, Small Animal Models, Latent reservoirs
Current HIV Research
Title: Humanized Mouse Models of HIV-1 Latency
Volume: 9 Issue: 8
Author(s): Rachel V. Duyne, Aarthi Narayanan, Kylene K.-Hall, Mohammed Saifuddin, Leonard Shultz and Fatah Kashanchi
Affiliation:
Keywords: HIV-1, latency, HAART, humanized mouse model, HIV INFECTIONS, HIV-1 LATENCY, Primary Cells, Transformed cell lines, Small Animal Models, Latent reservoirs
Abstract: The existence of long-lasting cellular reservoirs of HIV-1 is one of the major hurdles in developing effective anti-retroviral therapies. These latently infected cells and tissues efficiently evade immune responses and remain dormant until activated, upon which they can generate a productive HIV-1 infection. This classic scenario of viral latency becomes even more difficult to study and model due to the extreme complexity of translating in vivo virus-cell interactions into a controlled in vitro system. The recent developments and constant improvements upon hematopoietic engraftment of human cells and tissues onto recipient immunocompromised murine scaffolds have made it possible to model complex human innate and adaptive immune responses in a small animal model. Specifically, HIV-1 infection has been successfully modeled in these humanized mice to mimic transmission, pathogenesis, host immune responses, and treatment. Here, we review the complexities surrounding modeling HIV-1 latency in vitro and in vivo and highlight the most recent humanized mouse models that support retroviral infection.
Export Options
About this article
Cite this article as:
V. Duyne Rachel, Narayanan Aarthi, K.-Hall Kylene, Saifuddin Mohammed, Shultz Leonard and Kashanchi Fatah, Humanized Mouse Models of HIV-1 Latency, Current HIV Research 2011; 9 (8) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157016211798998781
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/157016211798998781 |
Print ISSN 1570-162X |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1873-4251 |
Call for Papers in Thematic Issues
HIV Vaccine Development.
The development of a safe and effective vaccine that impedes HIV-1 transmission and/or limits the severity of infection remains a public health priority. The HIV-1/AIDS pandemic continues to have a disproportionate impact on vulnerable and under-served communities in the USA and globally. In the USA, minority communities that have relatively ...read more
Lymphomas in People Living with HIV (PLWH)
In the era of combined antiretroviral therapy (cART), the incidence of lymphoma among people living with HIV (PLWH) surpassed Kaposi's sarcoma in 2011, becoming the most common AIDS-defining malignancy. The annual incidence rate ranges approximately from 100 to 300 per 100,000 individuals with HIV infection as the population denominator, which ...read more
- Author Guidelines
- Graphical Abstracts
- Fabricating and Stating False Information
- Research Misconduct
- Post Publication Discussions and Corrections
- Publishing Ethics and Rectitude
- Increase Visibility of Your Article
- Archiving Policies
- Peer Review Workflow
- Order Your Article Before Print
- Promote Your Article
- Manuscript Transfer Facility
- Editorial Policies
- Allegations from Whistleblowers
Related Articles
-
EPO Relies upon Novel Signaling of Wnt1 that Requires Akt1, FoxO3a,GSK-3β, and β-Catenin to Foster Vascular Integrity during Experimental Diabetes
Current Neurovascular Research Microglial Activation in Alzheimers Disease
Current Alzheimer Research Characterization and antiherpetic activity of native and chemically sulfated polysaccharide from <i>Adenanthera pavonina</i>
Current Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Biology of Mesenchymal Stem Cells
Current Rheumatology Reviews Heparan Sulphate Proteoglycans and Viral Vectors : Ally or Foe?
Current Gene Therapy Radiolabelled Molecules for Imaging the Translocator Protein (18 kDa) Using Positron Emission Tomography
Current Medicinal Chemistry Effects of Vitamin A Deficiency and Opioids on Parvalbumin + Interneurons in the Hippocampus of the HIV-1 Transgenic Rat
Current HIV Research Natural Products: A Rich Source of Antiviral Drug Lead Candidates for the Management of COVID-19
Current Pharmaceutical Design Anti-HIV Drug Distribution to the Central Nervous System
Current Pharmaceutical Design Mouse Models of Multiple Sclerosis: Lost in Translation?
Current Pharmaceutical Design Disease Progression in HIV Late Presenters: the Role of HIV Clinical Indicator Diseases Prior to HIV Diagnosis
Current HIV Research Recent Advances on the Roles of NO in Cancer and Chronic Inflammatory Disorders
Current Medicinal Chemistry Possible Roles of Microglial Cells for Neurotoxicity in Clinical Neurodegenerative Diseases and Experimental Animal Models
Inflammation & Allergy - Drug Targets (Discontinued) Domestic Arthropods and Their Allergens
Protein & Peptide Letters Antidepressants and Sleep: Neurophysiology and Clinical Correlates
Current Psychiatry Reviews Radiotracers for Molecular Imaging of Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) Enzyme
Current Medicinal Chemistry Recent Patents on Nucleic Acid-Based Antiviral Therapeutics
Recent Patents on Anti-Infective Drug Discovery Circulating Biochemical Markers of Brain Damage in Infants Complicated by Ischemia Reperfusion Injury
Cardiovascular & Hematological Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Tuberculosis Infections of the Central Nervous System
Central Nervous System Agents in Medicinal Chemistry Astrocytes: Adhesion Molecules and Immunomodulation
Current Drug Targets