Thermal Motions of the E. coli Glucose-Galactose Binding Protein Studied Using Well-Sampled Semi-Atomistic Simulations

D.      J. Cashman; A.      B. Mamonov; D.      Bhatt; D.      M. Zuckerman

doi:10.2174/156802611794863607

Abstract

The E. coli glucose-galactose chemosensory receptor is a 309 residue, 32 kDa protein consisting of two distinct structural domains. We used two computational methods to examine the proteins thermal fluctuations, including both the large-scale interdomain movements that contribute to the receptors mechanism of action, as well as smaller-scale motions. We primarily employ extremely fast, “semi-atomistic” Library-Based Monte Carlo (LBMC) simulations, which include all backbone atoms but “implicit” side chains. Our results were compared with previous experiments and all-atom molecular dynamics (MD) simulation. Both LBMC and MD simulations were performed using both the apo and glucosebound form of the protein, with LBMC exhibiting significantly larger fluctuations. The LBMC simulations are in general agreement with the disulfide trapping experiments of Careaga & Falke (J. Mol. Biol., 1992, Vol. 226, 1219-35), which indicate that distant residues in the crystal structure (i.e. beta carbons separated by 10 to 20 angstroms) form spontaneous transient contacts in solution. Our simulations illustrate several possible “mechanisms” (configurational pathways) for these fluctuations. We also observe several discrepancies between our calculations and experimental rate constants. Nevertheless, we believe that our semi-atomistic approach could be used to study fluctuations in other proteins, perhaps for ensemble docking or other analyses of protein flexibility in virtual screening studies.

Keywords: Computational Simulations, Coarse-Grain, GGBP, LBMC, Molecular Dynamics, Monte Carlo, Protein dynamics, Protein fluctuations, E. coli, MD, X-ray crystallography, NMR, protein-ligand interactions, cellular metabolism, antigen-antibody, gene regulation, virus assembly, rational drug design, disulfide bond formation, beta carbon, SDS/polyacrylamide, stabilization, hydrophobic, hydrogen-bonding, Gln26/Met182, –, instead, Protein Data Bank, apo-GGBP, Disulfide-Capable, Gln26, Met182