Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Biotechnology

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 2211-5501
ISSN (Online): 2211-551X

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Research Article

Phytochemical Profiling and Molecular Investigation of Moringa Oleifera Lam. Leaves for Anti-Arthritic Potential: Assessment and Identification of Phytopharmaceuticals through GC-MS Analysis, In Silico Study, ADMET Analysis, and In Vitro Evaluation

Author(s): Aanjaneya Mamgain, Rameshroo Kenwat and Rishi Paliwal*

Volume 13, Issue 3, 2024

Published on: 04 June, 2024

Page: [140 - 158] Pages: 19

DOI: 10.2174/0122115501304728240523052907

Open Access Journals Promotions 2
conference banner
Abstract

Background: The drumstick tree, Moringa oleifera Lam. (family Moringaceae), is known as a magical plant due to its broad pharmacological activities. Traditionally, the leaves of this plant are used for anti-inflammatory action. However, the compounds in Moringa oleifera leaves and their mechanism that show anti-arthritic potential are unknown.

Methods: In this study, a preliminary phytochemical investigation of Moringa oleifera leaves ethanolic extract was conducted using qualitative analysis followed by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis to determine the constituents in the extracts.

Results: The results indicated the presence of various phytochemical compounds (about 316). Out of these, about 16 compounds were identified that covered 54.63 % of the total ethanolic extract. A molecular docking study was further performed using selected two compounds i.e. 3, 7, 11, 15- tetramethylhexadec-2-en-1-ol and neophytadiene and different targets proteins MMP9 (1L6J), PGE2 (1Z9H), TLR-1-TLR-2 (2Z80), COX-II (3NT1 and 5F19), iNOS (3NW2), HtrA1 (3TJO), JAK-1 (4K6Z), MCSF (5LXF) and TLR-4 (5NAO). Later on, an online tool was used to perform ADME/T analysis of the identified compounds. The DPPH and ABTS assay confirmed the strong potential of this extract for antioxidant activity, which correlates with anti-arthritic potential.

Conclusion: Based on molecular docking, the mechanism for these compounds for the anti-arthritic activity of these magical plant leaves was identified. It is concluded from the study that Moringa oleifera leaves ethanolic extract have potential compounds that may be used to develop more effective formulations for better therapeutic exercise against inflammatory diseases like rheumatoid arthritis.

Keywords: Moringa oleifera, GC-MS, molecular docking, ADME/T, anti-arthritic activity, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.

« Previous Next »
Graphical Abstract

[1]
Jia L, Peng X, Deng Z, Zhang B, Li H. The structural characterization of polysaccharides from three cultivars of Moringa oleifera Lam. root and their effects on human intestinal microflora. Food Biosci 2023; 52: 102482.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2023.102482]
[2]
Wu Q, Zhou HJ, Sheng J, Su LY, Tian Y. Extraction, structural properties, and bioactivities of Moringa (Moringa oleifera Lam.) isothiocyanates: A review. Food Biosci 2024; 57: 103447.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2023.103447]
[3]
Batra G, Gortzi O, Lalas SI, Galidi A, Alibade A, Nanos GD. Enhanced antioxidant activity of Capsicum annuum L. and Moringa oleifera L. extracts after encapsulation in microemulsions. Chem Eng 2017; 1(2): 15.
[4]
Cheraghi M, Namdari M, Daraee H, Negahdari B. Cardioprotective effect of magnetic hydrogel nanocomposite loaded N,α-L-rhamnopyranosyl vincosamide isolated from Moringa oleifera leaves against doxorubicin-induced cardiac toxicity in rats: In vitro and in vivo studies. J Microencapsul 2017; 34(4): 335-41.
[5]
Kurtulbaş E, Albarri R, Torun M, Şahin S. Encapsulation of Moringa oleifera leaf extract in chitosan-coated alginate microbeads produced by ionic gelation. Food Biosci 2022; 50: 102158.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102158]
[6]
Srivastava S, Pandey VK, Dash KK, et al. Dynamic bioactive properties of nutritional superfood Moringa oleifera: A comprehensive review. J Agric Food Res 2023; 14: 100860.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jafr.2023.100860]
[7]
Wang F, Long S, Zhang J, et al. Antioxidant activities and anti-proliferative effects of Moringa oleifera L. extracts with head and neck cancer. Food Biosci 2020; 37: 100691.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fbio.2020.100691]
[8]
Gharsallah K, Rezig L, Rajoka MSR, Mehwish HM, Ali MA, Chew SC. Moringa oleifera: Processing, phytochemical composition, and industrial applications. S Afr J Bot 2023; 160: 180-93.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2023.07.008]
[9]
Kumar S, Bhattacharya A, Tiwari P, Sahu PK. A review of the phytochemical and pharmacological characteristics of Moringa oleifera. J Pharm Bioallied Sci 2018; 10(4): 181-91.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/JPBS.JPBS_126_18] [PMID: 30568375]
[10]
Meziani S, Aissani A, Khemis I, Oomah BD, Zaidi F. Physicochemical characterization and antibacterial activity of Moringa oleifera Lam leaf powder treated at different temperatures. Bioactive Carbohydrates and Dietary Fibre 2023; 30: 100389.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bcdf.2023.100389]
[11]
Pan S, Wu S, Wei Y, et al. Exploring the causal relationship between inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory arthritis: A Mendelian randomization study. Cytokine 2024; 173: 156446.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2023.156446] [PMID: 37979213]
[12]
Kesharwani D, Paliwal R, Satapathy T, Paul SD. Rheumatiod arthritis: An updated overview of latest therapy and drug delivery. J Pharmacopuncture 2019; 22(4): 210-24.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3831/KPI.2019.22.029] [PMID: 31970018]
[13]
Germolec DR, Frawley RP, Evans E. Markers of Inflammation. Methods Mol Biol 2010; 598: 53-73.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-401-2_5] [PMID: 19967506]
[14]
Bhalla N, Ingle N, Patri SV, Haranath D. Phytochemical analysis of Moringa Oleifera leaves extracts by GC-MS and free radical scavenging potency for industrial applications. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28(12): 6915-28.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.07.075] [PMID: 34866991]
[15]
Paul C, Didia B. The effects of methanolic extract of Moringa oleifera lam roots on the histology of ovary and female reproductive tract of guinea pigs. J Exp Clin Anat 2012; 11(1)
[16]
Ghalloo BA, Khan KUR, Ahmad S, et al. Phytochemical profiling, in vitro biological activities, and in silico molecular docking studies of dracaena reflexa. Molecules 2022; 27(3): 913.
[17]
Jaiswal D, Kumar Rai P, Kumar A, Mehta S, Watal G. Effect of Moringa oleifera Lam. leaves aqueous extract therapy on hyperglycemic rats. J Ethnopharmacol 2009; 123(3): 392-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2009.03.036] [PMID: 19501271]
[18]
Raal A, Meos A, Hinrikus T, et al. Dragendorff’s reagent: Historical perspectives and current status of a versatile reagent introduced over 150 years ago at the University of Dorpat, Tartu, Estonia. Pharmazie 2020; 75(7): 299-306.
[PMID: 32635970]
[19]
Jha DK, Panda L, Lavanya P, Ramaiah S, Anbarasu A. Detection and confirmation of alkaloids in leaves of Justicia adhatoda and bioinformatics approach to elicit its anti-tuberculosis activity. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 168(5): 980-90.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12010-012-9834-1] [PMID: 22899014]
[20]
Auwal MS, Saka S, Mairiga IA, Sanda KA, Shuaibu A, Ibrahim A. Preliminary phytochemical and elemental analysis of aqueous and fractionated pod extracts of Acacia nilotica (Thorn mimosa). Vet Res Forum 2014; 5(2): 95.
[21]
Eslami S, Ebrahimzadeh MA, Biparva P. Green synthesis of safe zero valent iron nanoparticles by Myrtus communis leaf extract as an effective agent for reducing excessive iron in iron-overloaded mice, a thalassemia model. RSC Advances 2018; 8(46): 26144-55.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C8RA04451A] [PMID: 35541956]
[22]
Shaikh JR, Patil MK. Qualitative tests for preliminary phytochemical screening: An overview. Int J Chem Stud 2020; 8(2): 603-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/chemi.2020.v8.i2i.8834]
[23]
Singh V, Kumar R. Study of phytochemical analysis and antioxidant activity of Allium sativum of Bundelkhand region. Int J Life Sci Sci Res 2017; 3(6): 1451-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.21276/ijlssr.2017.3.6.4]
[24]
Sánchez-Rangel JC, Benavides J, Heredia JB, Cisneros-Zevallos L, Jacobo-Velázquez DA. The Folin-Ciocalteu assay revisited: improvement of its specificity for total phenolic content determination. Anal Methods 2013; 5(21): 5990-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3ay41125g]
[25]
Mir MA, Bashir N, Alfaify A, Oteef MD. GC-MS analysis of Myrtus communis extract and its antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20(1): 1-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-020-2863-3]
[26]
Murugesan K, Senthamarai T, Chandrashekhar VG, et al. Catalytic reductive aminations using molecular hydrogen for synthesis of different kinds of amines. Chem Soc Rev 2020; 49(17): 6273-328.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C9CS00286C] [PMID: 32729851]
[27]
Kumar NR, Reddy JS, Gopikrishna G, Solomon KA. GC-MS determination of bioactive constituents of Cycas beddomei cones. Int J Pharm Bio Sci 2012; 3(3): 344-50.
[28]
Bhardwaj M, Sali VK, Mani S, Vasanthi HR. Neophytadiene from Turbinaria ornata suppresses LPS-induced inflammatory response in RAW 264.7 macrophages and Sprague Dawley rats. Inflammation 2020; 43(3): 937-50.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10753-020-01179-z] [PMID: 31981060]
[29]
Palic R, Stojanovic G, Alagic S, Nikolic M, Lepojevic Z. Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of the essential oil and CO2 extracts of the oriental tobacco, Prilep. Flavour Fragrance J 2002; 17(5): 323-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ffj.1084]
[30]
Attafi I, Albeishy M, Fageeh M, Attafi M, Alamir A. Postmortem redistribution of lidocaine after illegal use. FASEB J 2021; 35(S1)
[31]
Byju K, Vasundhara G, Anuradha V, Nair SM, Kumar NC. Presence of phytol, a precursor of vitamin E in Chaetomorpha antinnina. Mapana -. J Sci 2013; 12(2): 57-65.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.12723/mjs.25.6]
[32]
Rajkumar S, Jebanesan A. Mosquitocidal activities of octacosane from Moschosma polystachyum Linn. (lamiaceae). J Ethnopharmacol 2004; 90(1): 87-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2003.09.030] [PMID: 14698514]
[33]
Kalsum N, Sulaeman A, Setiawan B, Wibawan IW. Phytochemical profiles of propolis Trigona spp. from three regions in Indonesia using GC-MS. J Biol Agric Healthc 2016; 6(14): 31-7.
[34]
Huang ZR, Lin YK, Fang JY. Biological and pharmacological activities of squalene and related compounds: Potential uses in cosmetic dermatology. Molecules 2009; 14(1): 540-54.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules14010540] [PMID: 19169201]
[35]
Deora GS, Bano I. Preliminary phytochemical screening and GC-MS analysis of methanolic leaf extract of Abutilon pannosum (Forst. F.) Schlect. from Indian Thar desert. J Pharmacogn Phytochem 2019; 8(1): 894-9.
[36]
Karabay-Yavasoglu NU, Sukatar A, Ozdemir G, Horzum Z. Antimicrobial activity of volatile components and various extracts of the red alga Jania rubens. Phytother Res 2007; 21(2): 153-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ptr.2045] [PMID: 17128433]
[37]
Verma VP, Kumar SH, Rani KV, Sehgal N, Prakash O. Compound profiling in methanol extract of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana (Flaming katy) leaves through GC-MS analysis and evaluation of its bioactive properties. Glob J Adv Biol Sci 2015; 1: 38-49.
[38]
Marrufo T, Nazzaro F, Mancini E, et al. Chemical composition and biological activity of the essential oil from leaves of Moringa oleifera Lam. cultivated in Mozambique. Molecules 2013; 18(9): 10989-1000.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules180910989] [PMID: 24022760]
[39]
Odion EE, Ogboru RO, Obarisiagbon PA, Oboigba OJ. Bioactive constituents and antiulcer activity of the unripe fruit peel of Musa Paradisiaca L.(Musaceae). Nigerian J Pharm Appl Sci Res 2021; 10(2): 13-20.
[40]
Niki E, Noguchi N. Antioxidant action of vitamin E in vivo as assessed from its reaction products with multiple biological oxidants. Free Radic Res 2021; 55(4): 352-63.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10715762.2020.1866181] [PMID: 33327809]
[41]
Brittain DR, Gyurcsik NC, McElroy M, Hillard SA. General and arthritis-specific barriers to moderate physical activity in women with arthritis. Womens Health Issues 2011; 21(1): 57-63.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.whi.2010.07.010] [PMID: 20833069]
[42]
Deshmukh R. Rheumatoid arthritis: Pathophysiology, current therapeutic strategies and recent advances in targeted drug delivery system. Mater Today Commun 2023; 35: 105877.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mtcomm.2023.105877]
[43]
Chaudhary A A, Fareed M. Rheumatoid arthritis and alternative medicine. Herbal Medicines: A Boon for Healthy Human Life. 2022; pp. 237-52.
[44]
Akhter S, Hossain MW, Sultana S, et al. Ruellia prostrata Poir. activity evaluated by phytoconstituents, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial activity, and in silico molecular functions. J Saudi Chem Soc 2022; 26(1): 101401.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jscs.2021.101401]
[45]
Ghosh S, Derle A, Ahire M, et al. Phytochemical analysis and free radical scavenging activity of medicinal plants Gnidia glauca and Dioscorea bulbifera. PLoS One 2013; 8(12): e82529.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0082529] [PMID: 24367520]
[46]
Patil AB, Patil A, Shah S, Patil M. Antioxidant gap and lipid peroxidation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: Relationship to disease manifestations and activity. Asian Pac J Trop Dis 2012; 2 (Suppl. 2): S592-5.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S2222-1808(12)60228-X]
[47]
Aiyegoro OA, Okoh AI. Preliminary phytochemical screening and in vitro antioxidant activities of the aqueous extract of Helichrysum longifolium DC. BMC Complement Altern Med 2010; 10(1): 21.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1472-6882-10-21] [PMID: 20470421]
[48]
Karagöz A, Artun FT, Özcan G, et al. In vitro evaluation of antioxidant activity of some plant methanol extracts. Biotechnol Biotechnol Equip 2015; 29(6): 1184-9.

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
9
1
Wayfinder Image
Open Access Journals Promotions
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy