Efficacy and Safety of Nimotuzumab in Combination with Radiotherapy or Chemoradiotherapy for Local Advanced Head and Neck Cancer: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Fitzmaurice, C.; Abate, D.; Abbasi, N.; Abbastabar, H.; Abd-Allah, F.; Abdel-Rahman, O.; Abdelalim, A.; Abdoli, A.; Abdollahpour, I.; Abdulle, A.S.M.; Abebe, N.D.; Abraha, H.N.; Abu-Raddad, L.J.; Abualhasan, A.; Adedeji, I.A.; Advani, S.M.; Afarideh, M.; Afshari, M.; Aghaali, M.; Agius, D.; Agrawal, S.; Ahmadi, A.; Ahmadian, E.; Ahmadpour, E.; Ahmed, M.B.; Akbari, M.E.; Akinyemiju, T.; Al-Aly, Z.; AlAbdulKader, A.M.; Alahdab, F.; Alam, T.; Alamene, G.M.; Alemnew, B.T.T.; Alene, K.A.; Alinia, C.; Alipour, V.; Aljunid, S.M.; Bakeshei, F.A.; Almadi, M.A.H.; Almasi-Hashiani, A.; Alsharif, U.; Alsowaidi, S.; Alvis-Guzman, N.; Amini, E.; Amini, S.; Amoako, Y.A.; Anbari, Z.; Anber, N.H.; Andrei, C.L.; Anjomshoa, M.; Ansari, F.; Ansariadi, A.; Appiah, S.C.Y.; Arab-Zozani, M.; Arabloo, J.; Arefi, Z.; Aremu, O.; Areri, H.A.; Artaman, A.; Asayesh, H.; Asfaw, E.T.; Ashagre, A.F.; Assadi, R.; Ataeinia, B.; Atalay, H.T.; Ataro, Z.; Atique, S.; Ausloos, M.; Avila-Burgos, L.; Avokpaho, E.F.G.A.; Awasthi, A.; Awoke, N.; Ayala Quintanilla, B.P.; Ayanore, M.A.; Ayele, H.T.; Babaee, E.; Bacha, U.; Badawi, A.; Bagherzadeh, M.; Bagli, E.; Balakrishnan, S.; Balouchi, A.; Bärnighausen, T.W.; Battista, R.J.; Behzadifar, M.; Behzadifar, M.; Bekele, B.B.; Belay, Y.B.; Belayneh, Y.M.; Berfield, K.K.S.; Berhane, A.; Bernabe, E.; Beuran, M.; Bhakta, N.; Bhattacharyya, K.; Biadgo, B.; Bijani, A.; Bin Sayeed, M.S.; Birungi, C.; Bisignano, C.; Bitew, H.; Bjørge, T.; Bleyer, A.; Bogale, K.A.; Bojia, H.A.; Borzì, A.M.; Bosetti, C.; Bou-Orm, I.R.; Brenner, H.; Brewer, J.D.; Briko, A.N.; Briko, N.I.; Bustamante-Teixeira, M.T.; Butt, Z.A.; Carreras, G.; Carrero, J.J.; Carvalho, F.; Castro, C.; Castro, F.; Catalá-López, F.; Cerin, E.; Chaiah, Y.; Chanie, W.F.; Chattu, V.K.; Chaturvedi, P.; Chauhan, N.S.; Chehrazi, M.; Chiang, P.P.C.; Chichiabellu, T.Y.; Chido-Amajuoyi, O.G.; Chimed-Ochir, O.; Choi, J.Y.J.; Christopher, D.J.; Chu, D.T.; Constantin, M.M.; Costa, V.M.; Crocetti, E.; Crowe, C.S.; Curado, M.P.; Dahlawi, S.M.A.; Damiani, G.; Darwish, A.H.; Daryani, A.; das Neves, J.; Demeke, F.M.; Demis, A.B.; Demissie, B.W.; Demoz, G.T.; Denova-Gutiérrez, E.; Derakhshani, A.; Deribe, K.S.; Desai, R.; Desalegn, B.B.; Desta, M.; Dey, S.; Dharmaratne, S.D.; Dhimal, M.; Diaz, D.; Dinberu, M.T.T.; Djalalinia, S.; Doku, D.T.; Drake, T.M.; Dubey, M.; Dubljanin, E.; Duken, E.E.; Ebrahimi, H.; Effiong, A.; Eftekhari, A.; El Sayed, I.; Zaki, M.E.S.; El-Jaafary, S.I.; El-Khatib, Z.; Elemineh, D.A.; Elkout, H.; Ellenbogen, R.G.; Elsharkawy, A.; Emamian, M.H.; Endalew, D.A.; Endries, A.Y.; Eshrati, B.; Fadhil, I.; Fallah Omrani, V.; Faramarzi, M.; Farhangi, M.A.; Farioli, A.; Farzadfar, F.; Fentahun, N.; Fernandes, E.; Feyissa, G.T.; Filip, I.; Fischer, F.; Fisher, J.L.; Force, L.M.; Foroutan, M.; Freitas, M.; Fukumoto, T.; Futran, N.D.; Gallus, S.; Gankpe, F.G.; Gayesa, R.T.; Gebrehiwot, T.T.; Gebremeskel, G.G.; Gedefaw, G.A.; Gelaw, B.K.; Geta, B.; Getachew, S.; Gezae, K.E.; Ghafourifard, M.; Ghajar, A.; Ghashghaee, A.; Gholamian, A.; Gill, P.S.; Ginindza, T.T.G.; Girmay, A.; Gizaw, M.; Gomez, R.S.; Gopalani, S.V.; Gorini, G.; Goulart, B.N.G.; Grada, A.; Ribeiro Guerra, M.; Guimaraes, A.L.S.; Gupta, P.C.; Gupta, R.; Hadkhale, K.; Haj-Mirzaian, A.; Haj-Mirzaian, A.; Hamadeh, R.R.; Hamidi, S.; Hanfore, L.K.; Haro, J.M.; Hasankhani, M.; Hasanzadeh, A.; Hassen, H.Y.; Hay, R.J.; Hay, S.I.; Henok, A.; Henry, N.J.; Herteliu, C.; Hidru, H.D.; Hoang, C.L.; Hole, M.K.; Hoogar, P.; Horita, N.; Hosgood, H.D.; Hosseini, M.; Hosseinzadeh, M.; Hostiuc, M.; Hostiuc, S.; Househ, M.; Hussen, M.M.; Ileanu, B.; Ilic, M.D.; Innos, K.; Irvani, S.S.N.; Iseh, K.R.; Islam, S.M.S.; Islami, F.; Jafari Balalami, N.; Jafarinia, M.; Jahangiry, L.; Jahani, M.A.; Jahanmehr, N.; Jakovljevic, M.; James, S.L.; Javanbakht, M.; Jayaraman, S.; Jee, S.H.; Jenabi, E.; Jha, R.P.; Jonas, J.B.; Jonnagaddala, J.; Joo, T.; Jungari, S.B.; Jürisson, M.; Kabir, A.; Kamangar, F.; Karch, A.; Karimi, N.; Karimian, A.; Kasaeian, A.; Kasahun, G.G.; Kassa, B.; Kassa, T.D.; Kassaw, M.W.; Kaul, A.; Keiyoro, P.N.; Kelbore, A.G.; Kerbo, A.A.; Khader, Y.S.; Khalilarjmandi, M.; Khan, E.A.; Khan, G.; Khang, Y.H.; Khatab, K.; Khater, A.; Khayamzadeh, M.; Khazaee-Pool, M.; Khazaei, S.; Khoja, A.T.; Khosravi, M.H.; Khubchandani, J.; Kianipour, N.; Kim, D.; Kim, Y.J.; Kisa, A.; Kisa, S.; Kissimova-Skarbek, K.; Komaki, H.; Koyanagi, A.; Krohn, K.J.; Bicer, B.K.; Kugbey, N.; Kumar, V.; Kuupiel, D.; La Vecchia, C.; Lad, D.P.; Lake, E.A.; Lakew, A.M.; Lal, D.K.; Lami, F.H.; Lan, Q.; Lasrado, S.; Lauriola, P.; Lazarus, J.V.; Leigh, J.; Leshargie, C.T.; Liao, Y.; Limenih, M.A.; Listl, S.; Lopez, A.D.; Lopukhov, P.D.; Lunevicius, R.; Madadin, M.; Magdeldin, S.; El Razek, H.M.A.; Majeed, A.; Maleki, A.; Malekzadeh, R.; Manafi, A.; Manafi, N.; Manamo, W.A.; Mansourian, M.; Mansournia, M.A.; Mantovani, L.G.; Maroufizadeh, S.; Martini, S.M.S.; Mashamba-Thompson, T.P.; Massenburg, B.B.; Maswabi, M.T.; Mathur, M.R.; McAlinden, C.; McKee, M.; Meheretu, H.A.A.; Mehrotra, R.; Mehta, V.; Meier, T.; Melaku, Y.A.; Meles, G.G.; Meles, H.G.; Melese, A.; Melku, M.; Memiah, P.T.N.; Mendoza, W.; Menezes, R.G.; Merat, S.; Meretoja, T.J.; Mestrovic, T.; Miazgowski, B.; Miazgowski, T.; Mihretie, K.M.M.; Miller, T.R.; Mills, E.J.; Mir, S.M.; Mirzaei, H.; Mirzaei, H.R.; Mishra, R.; Moazen, B.; Mohammad, D.K.; Mohammad, K.A.; Mohammad, Y.; Darwesh, A.M.; Mohammadbeigi, A.; Mohammadi, H.; Mohammadi, M.; Mohammadian, M.; Mohammadian-Hafshejani, A.; Mohammadoo-Khorasani, M.; Mohammadpourhodki, R.; Mohammed, A.S.; Mohammed, J.A.; Mohammed, S.; Mohebi, F.; Mokdad, A.H.; Monasta, L.; Moodley, Y.; Moosazadeh, M.; Moossavi, M.; Moradi, G.; Moradi-Joo, M.; Moradi-Lakeh, M.; Moradpour, F.; Morawska, L.; Morgado-da-Costa, J.; Morisaki, N.; Morrison, S.D.; Mosapour, A.; Mousavi, S.M.; Muche, A.A.; Muhammed, O.S.S.; Musa, J.; Nabhan, A.F.; Naderi, M.; Nagarajan, A.J.; Nagel, G.; Nahvijou, A.; Naik, G.; Najafi, F.; Naldi, L.; Nam, H.S.; Nasiri, N.; Nazari, J.; Negoi, I.; Neupane, S.; Newcomb, P.A.; Nggada, H.A.; Ngunjiri, J.W.; Nguyen, C.T.; Nikniaz, L.; Ningrum, D.N.A.; Nirayo, Y.L.; Nixon, M.R.; Nnaji, C.A.; Nojomi, M.; Nosratnejad, S.; Shiadeh, M.N.; Obsa, M.S.; Ofori-Asenso, R.; Ogbo, F.A.; Oh, I.H.; Olagunju, A.T.; Olagunju, T.O.; Oluwasanu, M.M.; Omonisi, A.E.; Onwujekwe, O.E.; Oommen, A.M.; Oren, E.; Ortega-Altamirano, D.D.V.; Ota, E.; Otstavnov, S.S.; Owolabi, M.O.; P A, M.; Padubidri, J.R.; Pakhale, S.; Pakpour, A.H.; Pana, A.; Park, E.K.; Parsian, H.; Pashaei, T.; Patel, S.; Patil, S.T.; Pennini, A.; Pereira, D.M.; Piccinelli, C.; Pillay, J.D.; Pirestani, M.; Pishgar, F.; Postma, M.J.; Pourjafar, H.; Pourmalek, F.; Pourshams, A.; Prakash, S.; Prasad, N.; Qorbani, M.; Rabiee, M.; Rabiee, N.; Radfar, A.; Rafiei, A.; Rahim, F.; Rahimi, M.; Rahman, M.A.; Rajati, F.; Rana, S.M.; Raoofi, S.; Rath, G.K.; Rawaf, D.L.; Rawaf, S.; Reiner, R.C.; Renzaho, A.M.N.; Rezaei, N.; Rezapour, A.; Ribeiro, A.I.; Ribeiro, D.; Ronfani, L.; Roro, E.M.; Roshandel, G.; Rostami, A.; Saad, R.S.; Sabbagh, P.; Sabour, S.; Saddik, B.; Safiri, S.; Sahebkar, A.; Salahshoor, M.R.; Salehi, F.; Salem, H.; Salem, M.R.; Salimzadeh, H.; Salomon, J.A.; Samy, A.M.; Sanabria, J.; Santric Milicevic, M.M.; Sartorius, B.; Sarveazad, A.; Sathian, B.; Satpathy, M.; Savic, M.; Sawhney, M.; Sayyah, M.; Schneider, I.J.C.; Schöttker, B.; Sekerija, M.; Sepanlou, S.G.; Sepehrimanesh, M.; Seyedmousavi, S.; Shaahmadi, F.; Shabaninejad, H.; Shahbaz, M.; Shaikh, M.A.; Shamshirian, A.; Shamsizadeh, M.; Sharafi, H.; Sharafi, Z.; Sharif, M.; Sharifi, A.; Sharifi, H.; Sharma, R.; Sheikh, A.; Shirkoohi, R.; Shukla, S.R.; Si, S.; Siabani, S.; Silva, D.A.S.; Silveira, D.G.A.; Singh, A.; Singh, J.A.; Sisay, S.; Sitas, F.; Sobngwi, E.; Soofi, M.; Soriano, J.B.; Stathopoulou, V.; Sufiyan, M.B.; Tabarés-Seisdedos, R.; Tabuchi, T.; Takahashi, K.; Tamtaji, O.R.; Tarawneh, M.R.; Tassew, S.G.; Taymoori, P.; Tehrani-Banihashemi, A.; Temsah, M.H.; Temsah, O.; Tesfay, B.E.; Tesfay, F.H.; Teshale, M.Y.; Tessema, G.A.; Thapa, S.; Tlaye, K.G.; Topor-Madry, R.; Tovani-Palone, M.R.; Traini, E.; Tran, B.X.; Tran, K.B.; Tsadik, A.G.; Ullah, I.; Uthman, O.A.; Vacante, M.; Vaezi, M.; Varona Pérez, P.; Veisani, Y.; Vidale, S.; Violante, F.S.; Vlassov, V.; Vollset, S.E.; Vos, T.; Vosoughi, K.; Vu, G.T.; Vujcic, I.S.; Wabinga, H.; Wachamo, T.M.; Wagnew, F.S.; Waheed, Y.; Weldegebreal, F.; Weldesamuel, G.T.; Wijeratne, T.; Wondafrash, D.Z.; Wonde, T.E.; Wondmieneh, A.B.; Workie, H.M.; Yadav, R.; Yadegar, A.; Yadollahpour, A.; Yaseri, M.; Yazdi-Feyzabadi, V.; Yeshaneh, A.; Yimam, M.A.; Yimer, E.M.; Yisma, E.; Yonemoto, N.; Younis, M.Z.; Yousefi, B.; Yousefifard, M.; Yu, C.; Zabeh, E.; Zadnik, V.; Moghadam, T.Z.; Zaidi, Z.; Zamani, M.; Zandian, H.; Zangeneh, A.; Zaki, L.; Zendehdel, K.; Zenebe, Z.M.; Zewale, T.A.; Ziapour, A.; Zodpey, S.; Murray, C.J.L. Global, regional, and national cancer incidence, mortality, years of life lost, years lived with disability, and disability-adjusted life-years for 29 cancer groups, 1990 to 2017. JAMA Oncol., 2019, 5(12), 1749-1768.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamaoncol.2019.2996] [PMID: 31560378]

Aupérin, A. Epidemiology of head and neck cancers: An update. Curr. Opin. Oncol., 2020, 32(3), 178-186.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/CCO.0000000000000629] [PMID: 32209823]

Wang, X.; Hu, C. Application of anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody targeted drugs in the comprehensive treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Chin. J. Cancer, 2018, 28(12), 7. [J].

Pfister, D.G.; Spencer, S.; Adelstein, D.; Adkins, D.; Anzai, Y.; Brizel, D.M.; Bruce, J.Y.; Busse, P.M.; Caudell, J.J.; Cmelak, A.J.; Colevas, A.D.; Eisele, D.W.; Fenton, M.; Foote, R.L.; Galloway, T.; Gillison, M.L.; Haddad, R.I.; Hicks, W.L.; Hitchcock, Y.J.; Jimeno, A.; Leizman, D.; Maghami, E.; Mell, L.K.; Mittal, B.B.; Pinto, H.A.; Ridge, J.A.; Rocco, J.W.; Rodriguez, C.P.; Shah, J.P.; Weber, R.S.; Weinstein, G.; Witek, M.; Worden, F.; Yom, S.S.; Zhen, W.; Burns, J.L.; Darlow, S.D. Head and neck cancers, version 2.2020, NCCN clinical practice guidelines in oncology. J. Natl. Compr. Canc. Netw., 2020, 18(7), 873-898.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.6004/jnccn.2020.0031] [PMID: 32634781]

Grandis, J.R.; Melhem, M.F.; Gooding, W.E.; Day, R.; Holst, V.A.; Wagener, M.M.; Drenning, S.D.; Tweardy, D.J. Levels of TGF-alpha and EGFR protein in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma and patient survival. J. Natl. Cancer Inst., 1998, 90(11), 824-832.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jnci/90.11.824] [PMID: 9625170]

Zhu, X.; Zhang, F.; Zhang, W.; He, J.; Zhao, Y.; Chen, X. Prognostic role of epidermal growth factor receptor in head and neck cancer: A meta-analysis. J. Surg. Oncol., 2013, 108(6), 387-397.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jso.23406] [PMID: 24038070]

Ang, K.K.; Zhang, Q.; Rosenthal, D.I.; Nguyen-Tan, P.F.; Sherman, E.J.; Weber, R.S.; Galvin, J.M.; Bonner, J.A.; Harris, J.; El-Naggar, A.K.; Gillison, M.L.; Jordan, R.C.; Konski, A.A.; Thorstad, W.L.; Trotti, A.; Beitler, J.J.; Garden, A.S.; Spanos, W.J.; Yom, S.S.; Axelrod, R.S. Randomized phase III trial of concurrent accelerated radiation plus cisplatin with or without cetuximab for stage III to IV head and neck carcinoma: RTOG 0522. J. Clin. Oncol., 2014, 32(27), 2940-2950.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2013.53.5633] [PMID: 25154822]

Mesía, R.; Henke, M.; Fortin, A.; Minn, H.; Yunes Ancona, A.C.; Cmelak, A.; Markowitz, A.B.; Hotte, S.J.; Singh, S.; Chan, A.T.C.; Merlano, M.C.; Skladowski, K.; Zhang, A.; Oliner, K.S.; VanderWalde, A.; Giralt, J. Chemoradiotherapy with or without panitumumab in patients with unresected, locally advanced squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck (CONCERT-1): A randomised, controlled, open-label phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol., 2015, 16(2), 208-220.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(14)71198-2] [PMID: 25596660]

Bonner, J.A.; Harari, P.M.; Giralt, J.; Azarnia, N.; Shin, D.M.; Cohen, R.B.; Jones, C.U.; Sur, R.; Raben, D.; Jassem, J.; Ove, R.; Kies, M.S.; Baselga, J.; Youssoufian, H.; Amellal, N.; Rowinsky, E.K.; Ang, K.K. Radiotherapy plus cetuximab for squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck. N. Engl. J. Med., 2006, 354(6), 567-578.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa053422] [PMID: 16467544]

Giralt, J.; Trigo, J.; Nuyts, S.; Ozsahin, M.; Skladowski, K.; Hatoum, G.; Daisne, J.F.; Yunes Ancona, A.C.; Cmelak, A.; Mesía, R.; Zhang, A.; Oliner, K.S.; VanderWalde, A. Panitumumab plus radiotherapy versus chemoradiotherapy in patients with unresected, locally advanced squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck (CONCERT-2): A randomised, controlled, open-label phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol., 2015, 16(2), 221-232.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(14)71200-8] [PMID: 25596659]

Tian, Y.; Lin, J.; Tian, Y.; Zhang, G.; Zeng, X.; Zheng, R.; Zhang, W.; Yuan, Y. Efficacy and safety of anti-EGFR agents administered concurrently with standard therapies for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Int. J. Cancer, 2018, 142(11), 2198-2206.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijc.31157] [PMID: 29143328]

Song, Q; Li, X; Li, B; Di, B; Xiao, S. Anti-EGFR monoclonal antibodies in locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A meta-analysis. Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi, 2015, 29(9), 815-821.

Mao, L.; Tan, J.; Wang, F.; Luo, Y.; Liu, W.; Zeng, F.; Yu, B.; Huang, H.; Lu, J.; Peng, X.; Liu, X. Retrospective study comparing anti-EGFR monoclonal antibody plus cisplatin-based chemoradiotherapy versus chemoradiotherapy alone for stage II-IVb nasopharyngeal carcinoma and prognostic value of EGFR and VEGF expression. Clin. Otolaryngol., 2019, 44(4), 572-580.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/coa.13340] [PMID: 30972891]

You, R.; Hua, Y.J.; Liu, Y.P.; Yang, Q.; Zhang, Y.N.; Li, J.B.; Li, C.F.; Zou, X.; Yu, T.; Cao, J.Y.; Zhang, M.X.; Jiang, R.; Sun, R.; Mo, H.Y.; Guo, L.; Cao, K.J.; Lin, A.H.; Sun, Y.; Qian, C.N.; Ma, J.; Chen, M.Y. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy with or without anti-EGFR-targeted treatment for stage II-IVb nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Retrospective analysis with a large cohort and long follow-up. Theranostics, 2017, 7(8), 2314-2324.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/thno.19710] [PMID: 28740554]

Liu, Z.; Zhao, Y.; Tang, J.; Zhou, Y.; Yang, W.; Qiu, Y.; Wang, H. Nimotuzumab combined with concurrent chemoradiotherapy in locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A retrospective analysis. Oncotarget, 2016, 7(17), 24429-24435.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.8225] [PMID: 27016412]

Peng, L.; Liu, Z.L.; Xu, C.; Tang, L.L.; Liu, X.; Lin, A.H.; Sun, Y.; Chen, Y.P.; Ma, J. The efficacy and safety of anti-epidermal growth factor receptor monoclonal antibodies in nasopharyngeal carcinoma: Literature-based meta-analyses. J. Cancer, 2018, 9(23), 4510-4520.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7150/jca.27611] [PMID: 30519357]

Yao, J.J.; Zhang, L.L.; Gao, T.S.; Peng, Y.L.; Lawrence, W.R.; Zhang, W.J.; Zhang, F.; Zhou, G.Q.; Wang, S.Y.; Sun, Y. Comparing treatment outcomes of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with or without nimotuzumab in patients with locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Cancer Biol. Ther., 2018, 19(12), 1102-1107.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15384047.2018.1491501] [PMID: 30081714]

Fei, Z.; Xu, T.; Li, M.; Chen, T.; Li, L.; Qiu, X.; Chen, C. Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness analysis of nimotuzumab for the radiotherapy of locoregionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Radiat. Oncol., 2020, 15(1), 230.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13014-020-01674-5] [PMID: 33008416]

Rawat, S.; Tandan, H.; Patel, S.; Chaudhari, S. Safety and efficacy of nimotuzumab with concurrent chemoradiotherapy in unresectable locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck: An Indian rural hospital experience. South Asian J. Cancer, 2019, 8(1), 52-56.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/sajc.sajc_76_18] [PMID: 30766856]

Liang, Z.G.; Lin, G.X.; Ye, J.X.; Li, Y.; Li, L.; Qu, S.; Liang, X.; Zhu, X.D. Cetuximab or nimotuzumab versus cisplatin concurrent with radiotherapy for local-regionally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma: A meta-analysis. Asian Pac. J. Cancer Prev., 2018, 19(5), 1397-1404.
[PMID: 29802706]

Ang, M.K.; Montoya, J.E.; Tharavichitkul, E.; Lim, C.; Tan, T.; Wang, L.Y.; Wee, J.; Soong, Y.L.; Fong, K.W.; Ng, Q.S.; Tan, D.S.W.; Toh, C.K.; Tan, E.H.; Lim, W.T. Phase II study of nimotuzumab ( THERACIM-HR3 ) concurrent with cisplatin/radiotherapy in patients with locally advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Head Neck, 2021, 43(5), 1641-1651.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hed.26635] [PMID: 33547683]

Moher, D.; Liberati, A.; Tetzlaff, J.; Altman, D.G. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: The PRISMA statement. BMJ, 2009, 339(jul21 1), b2535.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.b2535] [PMID: 19622551]

Higgins, JPT; Green, S Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions 5.1.0. 2011. Cochrane training., 2017.

Guyot, P.; Ades, A.E.; Ouwens, M.J.N.M.; Welton, N.J. Enhanced secondary analysis of survival data: Reconstructing the data from published Kaplan-Meier survival curves. BMC Med. Res. Methodol., 2012, 12(1), 9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2288-12-9] [PMID: 22297116]

Reddy, B.K.M.; Lokesh, V.; Vidyasagar, M.S.; Shenoy, K.; Babu, K.G.; Shenoy, A.; Naveen, T.; Joseph, B.; Bonanthaya, R.; Nanjundappa; Bapsy, P.P.; Loknatha; Shetty, J.; Prasad, K.; Tanvir Pasha, C.R. Nimotuzumab provides survival benefit to patients with inoperable advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: A randomized, open-label, phase IIb, 5-year study in Indian patients. Oral Oncol., 2014, 50(5), 498-505.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.oraloncology.2013.11.008] [PMID: 24613543]

Kumar, A.; Chakravarty, N.; Bhatnagar, S.; Chowdhary, G.S. Efficacy and safety of concurrent chemoradiotherapy with or without Nimotuzumab in unresectable locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of head and neck: Prospective comparative study - ESCORT-N study. South Asian J. Cancer, 2019, 8(2), 108-111.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/sajc.sajc_38_18] [PMID: 31069191]

Thai Hoa, N.T.; Quang Huy, H. Combined Nimotuzumab with Chemoradiotherapy for Locally Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma. Cureus, 2020, 12(5), e8105.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.8105] [PMID: 32426197]

Rodríguez, M.O.; Rivero, T.C.; Del Castillo Bahi, R.; Muchuli, C.R.; Bilbao, M.A.; Vinageras, E.N.; Alert, J.; Galainena, J.J.; Rodríguez, E.; Gracia, E.; Mulén, B.; Wilkinson, B.; de Armas, E.L.; Pérez, K.; Pineda, I.; Frómeta, M.; Leonard, I.; Mullens, V.; Viada, C.; Luaces, P.; Torres, O.; Iznaga, N.; Crombet, T. Nimotuzumab plus radiotherapy for unresectable squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Cancer Biol. Ther., 2010, 9(5), 343-349.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/cbt.9.5.10981] [PMID: 20448462]

Ramakrishnan, M.S.; Eswaraiah, A.; Crombet, T.; Piedra, P.; Saurez, G.; Iyer, H.; Arvind, A.S. Nimotuzumab, a promising therapeutic monoclonal for treatment of tumors of epithelial origin. MAbs, 2009, 1(1), 41-48.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4161/mabs.1.1.7509] [PMID: 20046573]

Begg, CB; Mazumdar, M Operating Characteristics of a rank correlation test for publication bias., 1994, 50(4), 1088e101.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2533446]

Patil, V.M.; Noronha, V.; Joshi, A.; Agarwal, J.; Ghosh-Laskar, S.; Budrukkar, A.; Murthy, V.; Gupta, T.; Mahimkar, M.; Juvekar, S.; Arya, S.; Mahajan, A.; Agarwal, A.; Purandare, N.; Rangarajan, V.; Balaji, A.; Chaudhari, S.V.; Banavali, S.; Kannan, S.; Bhattacharjee, A.; D’Cruz, A.K.; Chaturvedi, P.; Pai, P.S.; Chaukar, D.; Pantvaidya, G.; Nair, D.; Nair, S.; Deshmukh, A.; Thiagarajan, S.; Mathrudev, V.; Manjrekar, A.; Dhumal, S.; Maske, K.; Bhelekar, A.S.; Nawale, K.; Chandrasekharan, A.; Pande, N.; Goel, A.; Talreja, V.; Simha, V.; Srinivas, S.; Swami, R.; Vallathol, D.H.; Dsouza, H.; Shrirangwar, S.; Turkar, S.; Abraham, G.; Thanky, A.H.; Patel, U.; Pandey, M.K.; Prabhash, K. A randomized phase 3 trial comparing nimotuzumab plus cisplatin chemoradiotherapy versus cisplatin chemoradiotherapy alone in locally advanced head and neck cancer. Cancer, 2019, 125(18), 3184-3197.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cncr.32179] [PMID: 31150120]

Wainman, N.; Paul, N.; Brundage, M.; Pater, J.; Eisenhauer, E.; Koski, B.; Sadura, A.; Walsh, W. Common toxicity criteria: The National Cancer Institute of Canada Clinical Trials Group (NCIC CTG) experience. Controlled Clinical Trials., 1992, 13(5), 435.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0197-2456(92)90182-Y]

Yamaoka, T.; Kusumoto, S.; Ando, K.; Ohba, M.; Ohmori, T. Receptor tyrosine kinase-targeted cancer therapy. Int. J. Mol. Sci., 2018, 19(11), 3491.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms19113491] [PMID: 30404198]

Cohen, E.E.W. Role of epidermal growth factor receptor pathway- targeted therapy in patients with recurrent and/or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. J. Clin. Oncol., 2006, 24(17), 2659-2665.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/JCO.2005.05.4577] [PMID: 16763280]

Ali, M.A.L.S.; Gunduz, M.; Nagatsuka, H.; Gunduz, E.; Cengiz, B.; Fukushima, K.; Beder, L.B.; Demircan, K.; Fujii, M.; Yamanaka, N.; Shimizu, K.; Grenman, R.; Nagai, N. Expression and mutation analysis of epidermal growth factor receptor in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Sci., 2008, 99(8), 1589-1594.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1349-7006.2008.00861.x] [PMID: 18754871]

Xu, M.J.; Johnson, D.E.; Grandis, J.R. EGFR-targeted therapies in the post-genomic era. Cancer Metastasis Rev., 2017, 36(3), 463-473.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10555-017-9687-8] [PMID: 28866730]

Loeffler-Ragg, J.; Schwentner, I.; Sprinzl, G.M.; Zwierzina, H. EGFR inhibition as a therapy for head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Expert Opin. Investig. Drugs, 2008, 17(10), 1517-1531.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/13543784.17.10.1517] [PMID: 18808311]

Mazorra, Z.; Chao, L.; Lavastida, A.; Sanchez, B.; Ramos, M.; Iznaga, N.; Crombet, T. Nimotuzumab: Beyond the EGFR signaling cascade inhibition. Semin. Oncol., 2018, 45(1-2), 18-26.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.seminoncol.2018.04.008] [PMID: 30318080]

Bode, U.; Massimino, M.; Bach, F.; Zimmermann, M.; Khuhlaeva, E.; Westphal, M.; Fleischhack, G. Nimotuzumab treatment of malignant gliomas. Expert Opin. Biol. Ther., 2012, 12(12), 1649-1659.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/14712598.2012.733367] [PMID: 23043252]

Cohen, R.B. Current challenges and clinical investigations of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)- and ErbB family-targeted agents in the treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Cancer Treat. Rev., 2014, 40(4), 567-577.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ctrv.2013.10.002] [PMID: 24216225]

Yang, X.; Jia, X.C.; Corvalan, J.R.; Wang, P.; Davis, C.G. Development of ABX-EGF, a fully human anti-EGF receptor monoclonal antibody, for cancer therapy. Crit. Rev. Oncol. Hematol., 2001, 38(1), 17-23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1040-8428(00)00134-7] [PMID: 11255078]

Song, Q; Li, X; Li, B Cetuximab in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: A systematic review and meta-analysis Lin Chung Er Bi Yan Hou Tou Jing Wai Ke Za Zhi., 2015, 29(1), 67-75.

Talavera, A.; Friemann, R.; Gómez-Puerta, S.; Martinez-Fleites, C.; Garrido, G.; Rabasa, A.; López-Requena, A.; Pupo, A.; Johansen, R.F.; Sánchez, O.; Krengel, U.; Moreno, E. Nimotuzumab, an antitumor antibody that targets the epidermal growth factor receptor, blocks ligand binding while permitting the active receptor conformation. Cancer Res., 2009, 69(14), 5851-5859.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/0008-5472.CAN-08-4518] [PMID: 19584289]

Psyrri, A.; Fayette, J.; Harrington, K.; Gillison, M.; Ahn, M.J.; Takahashi, S.; Weiss, J.; Machiels, J.P.; Baxi, S.; Vasilyev, A.; Karpenko, A.; Dvorkin, M.; Hsieh, C.Y.; Thungappa, S.C.; Segura, P.P.; Vynnychenko, I.; Haddad, R.; Kasper, S.; Mauz, P.S.; Baker, V.; He, P.; Evans, B.; Wildsmith, S.; Olsson, R.F.; Yovine, A.; Kurland, J.F.; Morsli, N.; Seiwert, T.Y. Durvalumab with or without tremelimumab versus the EXTREME regimen as first-line treatment for recurrent or metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: KESTREL, a randomized, open-label, phase III study. Ann. Oncol., 2023, 34(3), 262-274.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.annonc.2022.12.008] [PMID: 36535565]

Harrington, K.J.; Burtness, B.; Greil, R.; Soulières, D.; Tahara, M.; de Castro, G., Jr; Psyrri, A.; Brana, I.; Basté, N.; Neupane, P.; Bratland, Å.; Fuereder, T.; Hughes, B.G.M.; Mesia, R.; Ngamphaiboon, N.; Rordorf, T.; Wan Ishak, W.Z.; Lin, J.; Gumuscu, B.; Swaby, R.F.; Rischin, D. Pembrolizumab with or without chemotherapy in recurrent or metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Updated results of the phase III KEYNOTE-048 study. J. Clin. Oncol., 2023, 41(4), 790-802.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/JCO.21.02508] [PMID: 36219809]

Burtness, B.; Rischin, D.; Greil, R.; Soulières, D.; Tahara, M.; de Castro, G., Jr; Psyrri, A.; Brana, I.; Basté, N.; Neupane, P.; Bratland, Å.; Fuereder, T.; Hughes, B.G.M.; Mesia, R.; Ngamphaiboon, N.; Rordorf, T.; Wan Ishak, W.Z.; Ge, J.; Swaby, R.F.; Gumuscu, B.; Harrington, K. Pembrolizumab alone or with chemotherapy for recurrent/metastatic head and neck squamous cell carcinoma in KEYNOTE-048: Subgroup analysis by programmed death ligand-1 combined positive score. J. Clin. Oncol., 2022, 40(21), 2321-2332.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/JCO.21.02198] [PMID: 35333599]

Lee, N.Y.; Ferris, R.L.; Psyrri, A.; Haddad, R.I.; Tahara, M.; Bourhis, J.; Harrington, K.; Chang, P.M.H.; Lin, J.C.; Razaq, M.A.; Teixeira, M.M.; Lövey, J.; Chamois, J.; Rueda, A.; Hu, C.; Dunn, L.A.; Dvorkin, M.V.; De Beukelaer, S.; Pavlov, D.; Thurm, H.; Cohen, E. Avelumab plus standard-of-care chemoradiotherapy versus chemoradiotherapy alone in patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck: A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, multicentre, phase 3 trial. Lancet Oncol., 2021, 22(4), 450-462.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1470-2045(20)30737-3] [PMID: 33794205]

Girolami, I.; Pantanowitz, L.; Munari, E.; Martini, M.; Nocini, R.; Bisi, N.; Molteni, G.; Marchioni, D.; Ghimenton, C.; Brunelli, M.; Eccher, A. Prevalence of PD-L1 expression in head and neck squamous precancerous lesions: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Head Neck, 2020, 42(10), 3018-3030.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hed.26339] [PMID: 32567746]

Girolami, I.; Marletta, S.; Fiorentino, V.; Battocchio, S.; Cerbelli, B.; Fiamengo, B.; Gerosa, C.; Gianatti, A.; Morelli, L.; Riva, G.; Zagami, M.G.; Fusco, N.; Munari, E.; L’Imperio, V.; Pagni, F.; Morbini, P.; Martini, M.; Eccher, A. Effect of radio-chemotherapy on PD-L1 immunohistochemical expression in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. J. Pers. Med., 2023, 13(2), 363.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm13020363] [PMID: 36836595]

Marletta, S.; Fusco, N.; Munari, E.; Luchini, C.; Cimadamore, A.; Brunelli, M.; Querzoli, G.; Martini, M.; Vigliar, E.; Colombari, R.; Girolami, I.; Pagni, F.; Eccher, A. Atlas of PD-L1 for pathologists: Indications, scores, diagnostic platforms and reporting systems. J. Pers. Med., 2022, 12(7), 1073.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm12071073] [PMID: 35887569]

Paolino, G.; Pantanowitz, L.; Barresi, V.; Pagni, F.; Munari, E.; Moretta, L.; Brunelli, M.; Bariani, E.; Vigliar, E.; Pisapia, P.; Malapelle, U.; Troncone, G.; Girolami, I.; Eccher, A. PD-L1 evaluation in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma: Insights regarding specimens, heterogeneity and therapy. Pathol. Res. Pract., 2021, 226, 153605.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.prp.2021.153605] [PMID: 34530257]