Abstract
Numerous studies demonstrated that the number of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has increased remarkably in the past decade. A portion of ASD etiology, however, is attributed to environmental issues and genetic disorders. We highlighted a scoping review to principally evaluate the current information on mercury exposure in ASD children and to reveal knowledge gaps. Elevated porphyrins concentration in the urinary system related to mercury exposure, such as precoproporphyrin (prcP), coproporphyrin (cP), and pentacarboxyporphyrin (5cxP), was shown in comparison with controls. Moreover, high levels of urinary porphyrins have been elevated in response to heavy metal exposure. The related pattern (increased prcP, cP, and 5cxP) with Hg exposure may be used as biomarkers in the characteristics of ASD symptoms. However, this review highlighted the data gaps because the control groups were not genderand age-matched for ASD children.
Keywords: Autism spectrum disorder, mercury exposure, urinary porphyrins, genetics, environmental factors, biomarkers.
Current Medicinal Chemistry
Title:Porphyrinuria in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review
Volume: 31 Issue: 42
Author(s): Geir Bjørklund*, Yuliya Semenova, Afaf El-Ansary and Laila Youssef Al-Ayadhi
Affiliation:
- Department of Research, Council for Nutritional and Environmental Medicine, Mo i Rana, Norway
Keywords: Autism spectrum disorder, mercury exposure, urinary porphyrins, genetics, environmental factors, biomarkers.
Abstract: Numerous studies demonstrated that the number of children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has increased remarkably in the past decade. A portion of ASD etiology, however, is attributed to environmental issues and genetic disorders. We highlighted a scoping review to principally evaluate the current information on mercury exposure in ASD children and to reveal knowledge gaps. Elevated porphyrins concentration in the urinary system related to mercury exposure, such as precoproporphyrin (prcP), coproporphyrin (cP), and pentacarboxyporphyrin (5cxP), was shown in comparison with controls. Moreover, high levels of urinary porphyrins have been elevated in response to heavy metal exposure. The related pattern (increased prcP, cP, and 5cxP) with Hg exposure may be used as biomarkers in the characteristics of ASD symptoms. However, this review highlighted the data gaps because the control groups were not genderand age-matched for ASD children.
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Cite this article as:
Bjørklund Geir*, Semenova Yuliya, El-Ansary Afaf and Al-Ayadhi Youssef Laila, Porphyrinuria in Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Review, Current Medicinal Chemistry 2024; 31 (42) . https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0109298673259183231117073347
DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0109298673259183231117073347 |
Print ISSN 0929-8673 |
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher |
Online ISSN 1875-533X |
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