Traditional uses, Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, and Toxicology of the
Genus Artemisia L. (Asteraceae): A High-value Medicinal Plant

Manzoor      Hussain; Rakesh   Kr   Thakur; Jabeena      Khazir; Sajad      Ahmed; Mohammad   Imtiyaj   Khan; Praveen      Rahi; Latif   Ahmad   Peer; Pragadheesh      Vppalayam Shanmugam; Satwinderjeet      Kaur; Soom   Nath   Raina; Zafar   Ahmad   Reshi; Deepmala      Sehgal; Vijay   Rani   Rajpal; Bilal   Ahmad   Mir
doi:10.2174/1568026623666230914104141
Abstract

Biologically active secondary metabolites, essential oils, and volatile compounds derived from medicinal and aromatic plants play a crucial role in promoting human health. Within the large family Asteraceae, the genus Artemisia consists of approximately 500 species. Artemisia species have a rich history in traditional medicine worldwide, offering remedies for a wide range of ailments, such as malaria, jaundice, toothache, gastrointestinal problems, wounds, inflammatory diseases, diarrhoea, menstrual pains, skin disorders, headache, and intestinal parasites. The therapeutic potential of Artemisia species is derived from a multitude of phytoconstituents, including terpenoids, phenols, flavonoids, coumarins, sesquiterpene lactones, lignans, and alkaloids that serve as active pharmaceutical ingredients (API). The remarkable antimalarial, antimicrobial, anthelmintic, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antispasmodic, antioxidative and insecticidal properties possessed by the species are attributed to these APIs. Interestingly, several commercially utilized pharmaceutical drugs, including arglabin, artemisinin, artemether, artesunate, santonin, and tarralin have also been derived from different Artemisia species. However, despite the vast medicinal potential, only a limited number of Artemisia species have been exploited commercially. Further, the available literature on traditional and pharmacological uses of Artemisia lacks comprehensive reviews. Therefore, there is an urgent need to bridge the existing knowledge gaps and provide a scientific foundation for future Artemisia research endeavours. It is in this context, the present review aims to provide a comprehensive account of the traditional uses, phytochemistry, documented biological properties and toxicity of all the species of Artemisia and offers useful insights for practitioners and researchers into underutilized species and their potential applications. This review aims to stimulate further exploration, experimentation and collaboration to fully realize the therapeutic potential of Artemisia in augmenting human health and well-being.
Keywords: Artemisia, Ethnobotany, Phytochemistry, Pharmacological activity, Toxicology, Phytoconstituents.
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DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1568026623666230914104141	Print ISSN 1568-0266
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher	Online ISSN 1873-4294
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