Role of Vitamins in Cardiovascular Health: Know Your Facts-Part 2

Antonis   A.   Manolis; Theodora   A.   Manolis; Helen      Melita; Antonis   S.   Manolis
doi:10.2174/1570161121666230911115725
Abstract

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is a major cause of morbidity/mortality world-wide, hence preventive interventions are crucial. Observational data showing beneficial CV effects of vitamin supplements, promoted by self-proclaimed experts, have led to ~50% of Americans using multivitamins; this practice has culminated into a multi-billion-dollar business. However, robust evidence is lacking, and certain vitamins might incur harm. This two-part review focuses on the attributes or concerns about specific vitamin consumption on CVD. The evidence for indiscriminate use of multivitamins indicates no consistent CVD benefit. Specific vitamins and/or combinations are suggested, but further supportive evidence is needed. Data presented in Part 1 indicated that folic acid and certain B-vitamins may decrease stroke, whereas niacin might raise mortality; beta-carotene mediates pro-oxidant effects, which may abate the benefits from other vitamins. In Part 2, data favor the anti-oxidant effects of vitamin C and the anti-atherogenic effects of vitamins C and E, but clinical evidence is inconsistent. Vitamin D may provide CV protection, but data are conflicting. Vitamin K appears neutral. Thus, there are favorable CV effects of individual vitamins (C/D), but randomized/controlled data are lacking. An important caveat regards the potential toxicity of increased doses of fat-soluble vitamins (A/D/E/K). As emphasized in Part 1, vitamins might benefit subjects who are antioxidant-deficient or exposed to high levels of oxidative-stress (e.g., diabetics, smokers, and elderly), stressing the importance of targeting certain subgroups for optimal results. Finally, by promoting CV-healthy balanced-diets, we could acquire essential vitamins and nutrients and use supplements only for specific indications.
Keywords: Vitamins, cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis, coronary artery disease, hypertension, heart failure, stroke, endothelial dysfunction.
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DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570161121666230911115725	Print ISSN 1570-1611
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Current Vascular Pharmacology

Role of Vitamins in Cardiovascular Health: Know Your Facts-Part 2

Abstract

TREATMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN CHRONIC AND END STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE

Current Vascular Pharmacology

Role of Vitamins in Cardiovascular Health: Know Your Facts-Part 2

Abstract

Call for Papers in Thematic Issues

TREATMENT OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE IN CHRONIC AND END STAGE KIDNEY DISEASE

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