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Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry

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ISSN (Print): 1871-5206
ISSN (Online): 1875-5992

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Review Article

Silybum marianum: An Overview of its Phytochemistry and Pharmacological Activities with Emphasis on Potential Anticancer Properties

Author(s): Aisha Nawaz, Sumera Zaib*, Imtiaz Khan*, Abrar Ahmed, Kiran Shahzadi and Huma Riaz

Volume 23, Issue 13, 2023

Published on: 10 May, 2023

Page: [1519 - 1534] Pages: 16

DOI: 10.2174/1871520623666230412111152

Price: $65

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Abstract

Silybum marianum (SM) belongs to the family Asteraceae, which holds therapeutic significance in medicinal chemistry. Phytochemistry analysis revealed an abundance of active constituents, particularly silymarin, composed of polyphenols and flavonolignans. Silymarin is majorly found in leaves, seeds, and fruits and is comprised of seven flavonolignans. Silymarin derivatives, specifically silybin, were reported for their medicinal properties. This review summarizes the studies conducted to evaluate SM’s pharmacological properties and proposed mechanisms. SM exhibited anticancer properties due to being capable of modifying the induction of apoptosis, inhibiting the STAT3 pathway, decreasing the transcription of various growth factors, impeding the growth of 4T1 cells and inducing cell cycle arrest in various types of cancers, i.e., skin cancer, liver cancer, breast cancer, ovarian cancer etc. Silymarin and its derivatives protect the liver and ameliorate various immune-mediated and autoimmune hepatic diseases. Moreover, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, cardioprotective, nephroprotective, and neuroprotective activities were also reported. Based on testified in vitro and in vivo studies, SM can serve as an alternative to cure various pathological ailments.

Keywords: Flavonolignans, silymarin, STAT3 pathway, anticancer, cardioprotective, nephroprotective, antimicrobial, neuroprotective.

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