Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Medicinal Chemistry

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 0929-8673
ISSN (Online): 1875-533X

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe Translate in Chinese
Review Article

Traditional Chinese Medicine as the Preventive and Therapeutic Remedy for COVID-19

Author(s): Amin Gasmi, Torsak Tippairote, Pavan Kumar Mujawdiya, Alain Menzel, Roman Lysiuk, Mariia Shanaida, Larysa Lenchyk, Massimiliano Peana and Geir Bjørklund*

Volume 31, Issue 21, 2024

Published on: 12 July, 2023

Page: [3118 - 3131] Pages: 14

DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230331084126

Price: $65

Open Access Journals Promotions 2
conference banner
Abstract

The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic still has tremendous impacts on the global socio-economy and quality of living. The traditional Chinese Medicines (TCM) approach showed encouraging results during previous outbreaks of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-related Coronavirus (SARS-CoV) and the Middle East Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus (MERS-CoV). With limited treatment availability, TCM herbs and formulations could be useful to reduce COVID-19 symptoms and potential sources for discovering novel therapeutic targets. We reviewed 12 TCM herbs and formulations recommended for COVID-19 management by the National Health Commission and as National Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China. This article explored the Chinese national authorities' guidelines from 2003 to 2020, the scientific data in public databases for the recommended TCM remedies, and their potential mechanistic actions in COVID-19 management. Several TCM herbs and formulations could potentially benefit COVID-19 management. The recommended TCM oral preparations list includes Huoxiang zhengqi, Jinhua Qinggan, Lianhua Qingwen, and Shufeng jiedu; the recommended injection preparations comprise Xiyanping Xuebijing, Re-Du-Ning, Tanreqing, Xingnaojing, Shenfu, Shengmai, and Shenmai. TCM remedies are viable options for symptom alleviation and management of COVID-19. The current SARS-CoV-2 pandemic presents an opportunity to find novel therapeutic targets from TCM-active ingredients. Despite the recommendations in Chinese National guidelines, these remedies warrant further assessments in well-designed clinical trials to ascertain their efficacy in the treatment of COVID-19.

Keywords: Traditional Chinese medicine, COVID-19, coronavirus, pneumonia, herbal remedy, herbal formulation, natural compounds.

« Previous Next »
[1]
Yang, Y.; Peng, F.; Wang, R.; Guan, K.; Jiang, T.; Xu, G.; Sun, J.; Chang, C.; Chang, C. The deadly coronaviruses: The 2003 SARS pandemic and the 2020 novel coronavirus epidemic in China. J. Autoimmun., 2020, 109, 102434.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaut.2020.102434] [PMID: 32143990]
[2]
Zhang, D.; Wu, K.; Zhang, X.; Deng, S.; Peng, B. In silico screening of Chinese herbal medicines with the potential to directly inhibit 2019 novel coronavirus. J. Integr. Med., 2020, 18(2), 152-158.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joim.2020.02.005] [PMID: 32113846]
[3]
Totura, A.L.; Bavari, S. Broad-spectrum coronavirus antiviral drug discovery. Expert Opin. Drug Discov., 2019, 14(4), 397-412.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17460441.2019.1581171] [PMID: 30849247]
[4]
Gasmi, A.; Peana, M.; Pivina, L.; Srinath, S.; Gasmi Benahmed, A.; Semenova, Y.; Menzel, A.; Dadar, M.; Bjørklund, G. Interrelations between COVID-19 and other disorders. Clin. Immunol., 2021, 224, 108651.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clim.2020.108651] [PMID: 33333255]
[5]
Araf, Y.; Akter, F.; Tang, Y.; Fatemi, R.; Parvez, M.S.A.; Zheng, C.; Hossain, M.G. Omicron variant of SARS-CoV-2: Genomics, transmissibility, and responses to current COVID-19 vaccines. J. Med. Virol., 2022, 94(5), 1825-1832.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmv.27588] [PMID: 35023191]
[6]
Hossain, M.K.; Hassanzadeganroudsari, M.; Apostolopoulos, V. The emergence of new strains of SARS-CoV-2. What does it mean for COVID-19 vaccines? Expert Rev. Vaccines, 2021, 20(6), 635-638.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14760584.2021.1915140] [PMID: 33896316]
[7]
Bakowski, M.A.; Beutler, N.; Wolff, K.C.; Kirkpatrick, M.G.; Chen, E.; Nguyen, T.T.H.; Riva, L.; Shaabani, N.; Parren, M.; Ricketts, J.; Gupta, A.K.; Pan, K.; Kuo, P.; Fuller, M.; Garcia, E.; Teijaro, J.R.; Yang, L.; Sahoo, D.; Chi, V.; Huang, E.; Vargas, N.; Roberts, A.J.; Das, S.; Ghosh, P.; Woods, A.K.; Joseph, S.B.; Hull, M.V.; Schultz, P.G.; Burton, D.R.; Chatterjee, A.K.; McNamara, C.W.; Rogers, T.F. Drug repurposing screens identify chemical entities for the development of COVID-19 interventions. Nat. Commun., 2021, 12(1), 3309.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41467-021-23328-0] [PMID: 34083527]
[8]
Sultana, J.; Crisafulli, S.; Gabbay, F.; Lynn, E.; Shakir, S.; Trifirò, G. Challenges for drug repurposing in the COVID-19 pandemic era. Front. Pharmacol., 2020, 11, 588654.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2020.588654] [PMID: 33240091]
[9]
Gasmi, A.; Peana, M.; Noor, S.; Lysiuk, R.; Menzel, A.; Gasmi Benahmed, A.; Bjørklund, G. Chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine in the treatment of COVID-19: The never-ending story. Appl. Microbiol. Biotechnol., 2021, 105(4), 1333-1343.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-021-11094-4] [PMID: 33515285]
[10]
Gong, W.J.; Zhou, T.; Wu, S.L.; Ye, J.L.; Xu, J.Q.; Zeng, F.; Su, Y.Y.; Han, Y.; Lv, Y.N.; Zhang, Y.; Cai, X.F. A retrospective analysis of clinical efficacy of ribavirin in adults hospitalized with severe COVID-19. J. Infect. Chemother., 2021, 27(6), 876-881.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jiac.2021.02.018] [PMID: 33676844]
[11]
Hassanipour, S.; Arab-Zozani, M.; Amani, B.; Heidarzad, F.; Fathalipour, M.; Martinez-de-Hoyo, R. Addendum: The efficacy and safety of Favipiravir in treatment of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Sci. Rep., 2022, 12(1), 1996.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-05835-2] [PMID: 35105913]
[12]
Hassanipour, S.; Arab-Zozani, M.; Amani, B.; Heidarzad, F.; Fathalipour, M.; Martinez-de-Hoyo, R. The efficacy and safety of Favipiravir in treatment of COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis of clinical trials. Sci. Rep., 2021, 11(1), 11022.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90551-6] [PMID: 34040117]
[13]
Lai, C.C.; Chen, C.H.; Wang, C.Y.; Chen, K.H.; Wang, Y.H.; Hsueh, P.R. Clinical efficacy and safety of remdesivir in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 2021, 76(8), 1962-1968.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkab093] [PMID: 33758946]
[14]
Al-Abdouh, A.; Bizanti, A.; Barbarawi, M.; Jabri, A.; Kumar, A.; Fashanu, O.E.; Khan, S.U.; Zhao, D.; Antar, A.A.R.; Michos, E.D. Remdesivir for the treatment of COVID-19: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Contemp. Clin. Trials, 2021, 101, 106272.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cct.2021.106272] [PMID: 33422642]
[15]
Ling, C. Traditional Chinese medicine is a resource for drug discovery against 2019 novel coronavirus (SARS- CoV-2). J. Integr. Med., 2020, 18(2), 87-88.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.joim.2020.02.004] [PMID: 32122812]
[16]
Yi, L.; Li, Z.; Yuan, K.; Qu, X.; Chen, J.; Wang, G.; Zhang, H.; Luo, H.; Zhu, L.; Jiang, P.; Chen, L.; Shen, Y.; Luo, M.; Zuo, G.; Hu, J.; Duan, D.; Nie, Y.; Shi, X.; Wang, W.; Han, Y.; Li, T.; Liu, Y.; Ding, M.; Deng, H.; Xu, X. Small molecules blocking the entry of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus into host cells. J. Virol., 2004, 78(20), 11334-11339.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/JVI.78.20.11334-11339.2004] [PMID: 15452254]
[17]
Chen, Y.; Guo, J.; Healy, D.; Zhan, S. Effect of integrated traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine on the treatment of severe acute respiratory syndrome: A meta-analysis. Pharmacy Practice, 2007, 5(1), 1-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4321/S1886-36552007000100001]
[18]
Shen, K.; Yang, Y.; Wang, T.; Zhao, D.; Jiang, Y.; Jin, R.; Zheng, Y.; Xu, B.; Xie, Z.; Lin, L.; Shang, Y.; Lu, X.; Shu, S.; Bai, Y.; Deng, J.; Lu, M.; Ye, L.; Wang, X.; Wang, Y.; Gao, L. Diagnosis, treatment, and prevention of 2019 novel coronavirus infection in children: Experts' consensus statement. World J. Ped. WJP, 2020.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12519-020-00343-7]
[19]
Li, T.; Peng, T. Traditional Chinese herbal medicine as a source of molecules with antiviral activity. Antiviral Res., 2013, 97(1), 1-9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2012.10.006] [PMID: 23153834]
[20]
Lin, L.T.; Hsu, W.C.; Lin, C.C. Antiviral natural products and herbal medicines. J. Tradit. Complement. Med., 2014, 4(1), 24-35.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2225-4110.124335] [PMID: 24872930]
[21]
Leong, P.K.; Wong, H.S.; Chen, J.; Ko, K.M. Yang/Qi invigoration: an herbal therapy for chronic fatigue syndrome with yang deficiency? Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine: eCAM, 2015, 2015(3), 945901.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/945901]
[22]
Zhao, F.; Yang, Z.; Wang, N.; Jin, K.; Luo, Y. Traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine share similar philosophical approaches to fight COVID-19. Aging Dis., 2021, 12(5), 1162-1168.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.14336/AD.2021.0512] [PMID: 34341699]
[23]
Luo, H.; Gao, Y.; Zou, J.; Zhang, S.; Chen, H.; Liu, Q.; Tan, D.; Han, Y.; Zhao, Y.; Wang, S. Reflections on treatment of COVID-19 with traditional Chinese medicine. Chin. Med., 2020, 15(1), 94.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13020-020-00375-1] [PMID: 32905189]
[24]
Wu, D.; Hou, X.; Xia, Z.; Hao, E.; Xie, J.; Liang, J.; Liang, Q.; Du, Z.; Deng, J. Analysis on oral medication rules of traditional Chinese medicine prescriptions for prevention of COVID-19. Chin. Herb. Med., 2021, 13(4), 502-517.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chmed.2021.10.007] [PMID: 34659385]
[25]
Ding, X.; Fan, L.L.; Zhang, S.X.; Ma, X.X.; Meng, P.F.; Li, L.P.; Huang, M.Y.; Guo, J.L.; Zhong, P.Z.; Xu, L.R. Traditional Chinese medicine in treatment of COVID-19 and viral disease: Efficacies and clinical evidence. Int. J. Gen. Med., 2022, 15, 8353-8363.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/IJGM.S386375] [PMID: 36465269]
[26]
Lyu, M.; Fan, G.; Xiao, G.; Wang, T.; Xu, D.; Gao, J.; Ge, S.; Li, Q.; Ma, Y.; Zhang, H.; Wang, J.; Cui, Y.; Zhang, J.; Zhu, Y.; Zhang, B. Traditional Chinese medicine in COVID-19. Acta Pharm. Sin. B, 2021, 11(11), 3337-3363.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsb.2021.09.008] [PMID: 34567957]
[27]
Luo, L.; Jiang, J.; Wang, C.; Fitzgerald, M.; Hu, W.; Zhou, Y.; Zhang, H.; Chen, S. Analysis on herbal medicines utilized for treatment of COVID-19. Acta Pharm. Sin. B, 2020, 10(7), 1192-1204.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsb.2020.05.007] [PMID: 32834949]
[28]
Luo, H.; Tang, Q.; Shang, Y.; Liang, S.; Yang, M.; Robinson, N.; Liu, J. Can chinese medicine be used for prevention of corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19)? A review of historical classics, research evidence and current prevention programs. Chin. J. Integr. Med., 2020, 26(4), 243-250.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11655-020-3192-6] [PMID: 32065348]
[29]
Cinatl, J.; Morgenstern, B.; Bauer, G.; Chandra, P.; Rabenau, H.; Doerr, H.W. Glycyrrhizin, an active component of liquorice roots, and replication of SARS-associated coronavirus. Lancet, 2003, 361(9374), 2045-2046.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(03)13615-X] [PMID: 12814717]
[30]
Leung, E.L.H.; Pan, H.D.; Huang, Y.F.; Fan, X.X.; Wang, W.Y.; He, F.; Cai, J.; Zhou, H.; Liu, L. The scientific foundation of Chinese herbal medicine against COVID-19. Engineering, 2020, 6(10), 1099-1107.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eng.2020.08.009] [PMID: 33520331]
[31]
Law, S.; Lo, C.; Han, J.; Leung, A.W.; Xu, C. Traditional Chinese herb, Astragalus : Possible for treatment and prevention of COVID-19? Herba Pol., 2020, 66(4), 79-84.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/hepo-2020-0023]
[32]
Yu, M.S.; Lee, J.; Lee, J.M.; Kim, Y.; Chin, Y.W.; Jee, J.G.; Keum, Y.S.; Jeong, Y.J. Identification of myricetin and scutellarein as novel chemical inhibitors of the SARS coronavirus helicase, nsP13. Bioorg. Med. Chem. Lett., 2012, 22(12), 4049-4054.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2012.04.081] [PMID: 22578462]
[33]
Cheng, P.W.; Ng, L.T.; Chiang, L.C.; Lin, C.C. Antiviral effects of saikosaponins on human coronavirus 229E in vitro. Clin. Exp. Pharmacol. Physiol., 2006, 33(7), 612-616.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1681.2006.04415.x] [PMID: 16789928]
[34]
Li, S.; Chen, C.; Zhang, H.; Guo, H.; Wang, H.; Wang, L.; Zhang, X.; Hua, S.; Yu, J.; Xiao, P.; Li, R.S.; Tan, X. Identification of natural compounds with antiviral activities against SARS-associated coronavirus. Antiviral Res., 2005, 67(1), 18-23.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2005.02.007] [PMID: 15885816]
[35]
Kim, D.; Min, J.; Jang, M.; Lee, J.; Shin, Y.; Park, C.; Song, J.; Kim, H.; Kim, S.; Jin, Y-H.; Kwon, S. Natural Bis-Benzylisoquinoline Alkaloids-Tetrandrine, fangchinoline, and cepharanthine, inhibit human coronavirus OC43 infection of MRC-5 human lung cells. Biomolecules, 2019, 9(11), 696.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9110696] [PMID: 31690059]
[36]
Lau, K.M.; Lee, K.M.; Koon, C.M.; Cheung, C.S.F.; Lau, C.P.; Ho, H.M.; Lee, M.Y.H.; Au, S.W.N.; Cheng, C.H.K.; Lau, C.B.S.; Tsui, S.K.W.; Wan, D.C.C.; Waye, M.M.Y.; Wong, K.B.; Wong, C.K.; Lam, C.W.K.; Leung, P.C.; Fung, K.P. Immunomodulatory and anti-SARS activities of Houttuynia cordata. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2008, 118(1), 79-85.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2008.03.018] [PMID: 18479853]
[37]
Lin, C.W.; Tsai, F.J.; Tsai, C.H.; Lai, C.C.; Wan, L.; Ho, T.Y.; Hsieh, C.C.; Chao, P.D.L. Anti-SARS coronavirus 3C-like protease effects of Isatis indigotica root and plant-derived phenolic compounds. Antiviral Res., 2005, 68(1), 36-42.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.antiviral.2005.07.002] [PMID: 16115693]
[38]
Ryu, Y.B.; Jeong, H.J.; Kim, J.H.; Kim, Y.M.; Park, J.Y.; Kim, D.; Naguyen, T.T.H.; Park, S.J.; Chang, J.S.; Park, K.H.; Rho, M-C.; Lee, W.S. Biflavonoids from Torreya nucifera displaying SARS-CoV 3CLpro inhibition. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 2010, 18(22), 7940-7947.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2010.09.035] [PMID: 20934345]
[39]
Luo, W.; Su, X.; Gong, S.; Qin, Y.; Liu, W.; Li, J.; Yu, H.; Xu, Q. Anti-SARS coronavirus 3C-like protease effects of Rheum palmatum L. extracts. Biosci. Trends, 2009, 3(4), 124-126.
[PMID: 20103835]
[40]
Marshall, A.C. Traditional Chinese medicine and clinical pharmacology; Springer, 2020.
[41]
Zhou, X.; Li, C.G.; Chang, D.; Bensoussan, A. Current status and major challenges to the safety and efficacy presented by Chinese herbal medicine. Medicines, 2019, 6(1), 14.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicines6010014] [PMID: 30669335]
[42]
Wei, P-F. Diagnosis and treatment protocol for novel coronavirus pneumonia (Trial Version 7). Chinese Med. J., 2020, 133(9), 1087-1095.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/CM9.0000000000001399] [PMID: 32358325]
[43]
Liu, Y.; Liu, W.; Peng, Q.X.; Peng, J.L.; Yu, L.Z.; Hu, J.L. Protective effect of huoxiang zhengqi oral liquid on intestinal mucosal mechanical barrier of rats with postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome induced by acetic acid. Evidence-based complementary and alternative medicine: eCAM, 2014, 2014, 218383.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/218383]
[44]
He, Y.H.; Luo, X.J.; Qian, X.W.; Wu, Z.P.; Lv, A.P. Effects of Huoxiang Zhengqi liquid on enteric mucosal immune responses in mice with Bacillus dysenteriae and Salmonella typhimurium induced diarrhea. Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi, 2007, 32(22), 2397-2400.
[PMID: 18257268]
[45]
Chinese Pharmaceutical Association. 2020 http://english.nmpa.gov.cn/2019-07/19/c_389182.htm
[46]
Xiao, M.; Tian, J.; Zhou, Y.; Xu, X.; Min, X.; Lv, Y.; Peng, M.; Zhang, Y.; Yan, D.; Lang, S.; Zhang, Q.; Fan, A.; Ke, J.; Li, X.; Liu, B.; Jiang, M.; Liu, Q.; Zhu, J.; Yang, L.; Zhu, Z.; Zeng, K.; Li, C.; Zheng, Y.; Wu, H.; Lin, J.; Lian, F.; Li, X.; Tong, X. Efficacy of Huoxiang Zhengqi dropping pills and Lianhua Qingwen granules in treatment of COVID-19: A randomized controlled trial. Pharmacol. Res., 2020, 161, 105126.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105126] [PMID: 32781283]
[47]
Yang, H.; Li, Y.; Cao, L.; Feng, X.; Zhang, J.; Jiang, S.; Su, Z.; Lai, C.; Zhou, D. Huoxiang Zhengqi Powder combined with western medicine in the treatment of 11 COVID-19 cases. Guangxi Trad. Chin. Med., 2020, 43(3), 1-4.
[48]
Chen, H.; Song, Y.P.; Gao, K.; Zhao, L.T.; Ma, L. Efficacy and safety of Jinhua Qinggan granules for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Medicine, 2020, 99(24), e20612.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000020612] [PMID: 32541495]
[49]
Shah, M.R.; Fatima, S.; Khan, S.N.; Shafiullah.; Himani, G.; Wan, K.; Lin, T.; Lau, J.Y.N.; Liu, Q.; Lam, D.S.C. Jinhua qinggan granules for nonhospitalized COVID-19 patients: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized controlled trial. medRxiv, 2022.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/2022.05.16.22275074]
[50]
Wang, C.H.; Zhong, Y.; Zhang, Y.; Liu, J.P.; Wang, Y.F.; Jia, W.N.; Wang, G.C.; Li, Z.; Zhu, Y.; Gao, X.M. WHO. SARS : Clinical trials on treatment using a combination of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2004. Mol. Biosyst., 2016, 12(2), 606-613.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C5MB00448A] [PMID: 26687282]
[51]
Jia, W.; Wang, C.; Wang, Y.; Pan, G.; Jiang, M.; Li, Z.; Zhu, Y. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of the major constituents in Chinese medical preparation Lianhua-Qingwen capsule by UPLC-DAD-QTOF-MS. ScientificWorldJournal, 2015, 2015, 1-19.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/731765] [PMID: 25654135]
[52]
Dong, Z.; Lu, X.; Tong, X.; Dong, Y.; Tang, L.; Liu, M. Forsythiae Fructus: A review on its phytochemistry, quality control, pharmacology and pharmacokinetics. Molecules, 2017, 22(9), 1466.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules22091466] [PMID: 28869577]
[53]
Xiong, X.; Wang, P.; Su, K.; Cho, W.C.; Xing, Y. Chinese herbal medicine for coronavirus disease 2019: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Pharmacol. Res., 2020, 160, 105056.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2020.105056] [PMID: 32622723]
[54]
Niu, Q.Q.; Chen, Y.; Liu, Y.; Mao, S.Z.; Wang, H.; Zheng, W.K.; Zhang, J.H. Efficacy and safety of Lianhua Qingwen capsule for influenza: a systematic review. Zhongguo Zhongyao Zazhi, 2017, 42(8), 1474-1481.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.19540/j.cnki.cjcmm.2017.0044] [PMID: 29071849]
[55]
Runfeng, L.; Yunlong, H.; Jicheng, H.; Weiqi, P.; Qinhai, M.; Yongxia, S.; Chufang, L.; Jin, Z.; Zhenhua, J.; Haiming, J.; Kui, Z.; Shuxiang, H.; Jun, D.; Xiaobo, L.; Xiaotao, H.; Lin, W.; Nanshan, Z.; Zifeng, Y. Lianhuaqingwen exerts anti-viral and anti-inflammatory activity against novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2). Pharmacol. Res., 2020, 156, 104761.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phrs.2020.104761] [PMID: 32205232]
[56]
Bao, Y.; Gao, Y.; Cui, X. Effect of Shufeng Jiedu capsules as a broad-spectrum antibacterial. Biosci. Trends, 2016, 10(1), 74-78.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5582/bst.2015.01172] [PMID: 26875500]
[57]
Tao, Z.; Gao, J.; Zhang, G.; Xue, M.; Yang, W.; Tong, C.; Yuan, Y. Shufeng Jiedu Capsule protect against acute lung injury by suppressing the MAPK/NF-κB pathway. Biosci. Trends, 2014, 8(1), 45-51.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.5582/bst.8.45] [PMID: 24647112]
[58]
Yuan, Y.; Liao, Q.; Xue, M.; Shi, Y.; Rong, L.; Song, Z.; Tong, Z.; Zheng, W.; Zhu, Q.; Cui, X.; Tao, Z. Capsules alleviate lipopolysaccharide-induced acute lung inflammatory injury via activation of GPR18 by verbenalin. Cellular physiology and biochemistry : international journal of experimental cellular physiology, biochemistry, and pharmacology, 2018, 50(2), 629-639.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000494184]
[59]
Xi, Z.; Zhou, J.; Mei, J.T; Ge, A.; Zheng, Y. Effect of Shufeng Jiedu capsule on the fever caused by viral upper respiratory tract infection: A report of 130 cases. J. Tradit. Chin. Med., 2010, 51, 426-427.
[60]
Xia, J.; Rong, L.; Sawakami, T.; Inagaki, Y.; Song, P.; Hasegawa, K.; Sakamoto, Y.; Tang, W. Shufeng Jiedu Capsule and its active ingredients induce apoptosis, inhibit migration and invasion, and enhances doxorubicin therapeutic efficacy in hepatocellular carcinoma. Biomed. Pharmacother., 2018, 99, 921-930.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2018.01.163] [PMID: 29710492]
[61]
Chen, S.; Kwong, J.S.W.; Zheng, R.; Wang, Y.; Shang, H. Normative application of xiyanping injection: A systematic review of adverse case reports. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med., 2018, 2018, 1-14.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4013912] [PMID: 30581483]
[62]
Shi, H.; Guo, W.; Zhu, H.; Li, M.; Ung, C.O.L.; Hu, H.; Han, S. Cost-effectiveness analysis of Xiyanping injection (Andrographolide Sulfonate) for treatment of adult community acquired pneumonia: A retrospective, propensity score-matched cohort study. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med., 2019, 2019, 4510591.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/4510591]
[63]
Song, Y.; Yao, C.; Shang, H.; Yao, X.; Bai, C. Intravenous infusion of Chinese medicine Xuebijing for patients with severe pneumonia: A multicenter, randomised, double-blind controlled trial. Lancet, 2017, 390, S34.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(17)33172-0]
[64]
Sun, Z.; Zuo, L.; Sun, T.; Tang, J.; Ding, D.; Zhou, L.; Kang, J.; Zhang, X. Chemical profiling and quantification of XueBiJing injection, a systematic quality control strategy using UHPLC-Q Exactive hybrid quadrupole-orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry. Sci. Rep., 2017, 7(1), 16921.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-017-17170-y] [PMID: 29208914]
[65]
Song, Y.; Yao, C.; Yao, Y.; Han, H.; Zhao, X.; Yu, K.; Liu, L.; Xu, Y.; Liu, Z.; Zhou, Q.; Wang, Y.; Ma, Z.; Zheng, Y.; Wu, D.; Tang, Z.; Zhang, M.; Pan, S.; Chai, Y.; Song, Y.; Zhang, J.; Pan, L.; Liu, Y.; Yu, H.; Yu, X.; Zhang, H.; Wang, X.; Du, Z.; Wan, X.; Tang, Y.; Tian, Y.; Zhu, Y.; Wang, H.; Yan, X.; Liu, Z.; Zhang, B.; Zhong, N.; Shang, H.; Bai, C. XueBiJing injection versus placebo for critically Ill patients with severe community-acquired pneumonia. Crit. Care Med., 2019, 47(9), e735-e743.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000003842] [PMID: 31162191]
[66]
Qi, F.; Liang, Z.; She, D.; Yan, G.T.; Chen, L. A clinical study on the effects and mechanism of Xuebijing injection in severe pneumonia patients. J. Tradit. Chin. Med., 2011, 31(1), 46-49.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0254-6272(11)60011-3] [PMID: 21563507]
[67]
Li, H.; Yu, Y.; Wang, Z.; Geng, J.; Dai, Y.; Xiao, W.; Yao, X. Chemical profiling of Re-Du-Ning injection by ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry through the screening of diagnostic Ions in MS(E) mode. PLoS One, 2015, 10(4), e0121031.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0121031] [PMID: 25875968]
[68]
Liu, Y.; Mu, W.; Xiao, W.; Wei, B.L.; Wang, L.; Liu, X.Q.; Xiong, X.D.; Huang, X.M.; Zhang, Y.Q.; Chen, H.M.; Yan, F.J.; Tan, Y.P.; Huang, Y.H. Efficacy and safety of Re-Du-Ning injection in the treatment of seasonal influenza: results from a randomized, double-blinded, multicenter, oseltamivir-controlled trial. Oncotarget, 2017, 8(33), 55176-55186.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.18632/oncotarget.19220] [PMID: 28903411]
[69]
Wang, F.; Li, C.; Zheng, Y.; Li, H.; Xiao, W.; Peng, G. Identification of the allergenic ingredients in reduning injection by ultrafiltration and high-performance liquid chromatography. J. Immunol. Res., 2016, 2016, 1-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/4895672] [PMID: 27144180]
[70]
Wang, P.; Liao, X.; Xie, Y.M.; Chai, Y.; Li, L.H. Tanreqing injection for acute bronchitis disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Complement. Ther. Med., 2016, 25, 143-158.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ctim.2016.02.008] [PMID: 27062962]
[71]
Liu, W.; Jiang, H.; Cai, L.; Yan, M.; Dong, S.; Mao, B. Tanreqing injection attenuates lipopolysaccharide-induced airway inflammation through MAPK/NF- κ B signaling pathways in rats model. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med., 2016, 2016, 1-15.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/5292346] [PMID: 27366191]
[72]
Zhang, Y.M.; Qu, X.Y.; Zhai, J.H.; Tao, L.N.; Gao, H.; Song, Y.Q.; Zhang, S.X. Xingnaojing injection protects against cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury via PI3K/Akt-Mediated eNOS Phosphorylation. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med., 2018, 2018, 1-13.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2361046] [PMID: 30158991]
[73]
Wu, L.; Zhang, H.; Xing, Y.; Gao, Y.; Li, Y.; Ren, X.; Li, J.; Nie, B.; Zhu, L.; Shang, H.; Gao, Y. Meta-analysis of the effects of Xingnaojing injection on consciousness disturbance. Medicine, 2016, 95(7), e2875.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/MD.0000000000002875] [PMID: 26886655]
[74]
Madjid, M.; Safavi-Naeini, P.; Solomon, S.D.; Vardeny, O. Potential effects of coronaviruses on the cardiovascular system. JAMA Cardiol., 2020, 5(7), 831-840.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamacardio.2020.1286] [PMID: 32219363]
[75]
WHO. SARS : clinical trials on treatment using a combination of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2004.
[76]
Mou, Z.; Lv, Z.; Li, Y.; Wang, M.; Xu, Q.; Yu, X. Clinical effect of shenfu injection in patients with septic shock: a meta-analysis and systematic review. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med., 2015, 2015, 863149.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/863149]
[77]
Li, Y.; Zhang, X.; Lin, P.; Qiu, H.; Wei, J.; Cao, Y.; Pan, S.; Walline, J.; Qian, C.; Shan, Z.; Yu, X. Effects of Shenfu injection in the treatment of septic shock patients: A multicenter, controlled, randomized, open-label trial. Evid. Based Complement. Alternat. Med., 2016, 2016, 2565169.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2565169]
[78]
Leong, P.K.; Ko, K.M.; San, S. Shengmai San: a modern medicine perspective on its remedial effects on Qi and Yin deficiency syndrome in Chinese medicine. Longhua Chin. Med., 2018, 1, 13-13.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.21037/lcm.2018.09.03]
[79]
Zhou, Q.; Qin, W.Z.; Liu, S.B.; Kwong, J.S.W.; Zhou, J.; Chen, J. Shengmai (a traditional Chinese herbal medicine) for heart failure. Cochrane Database Syst. Rev., 2014, (4), CD005052.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD005052.pub5] [PMID: 24733159]
[80]
Wang, C.; Sun, S.; Ding, X. The therapeutic effects of traditional chinese medicine on COVID-19: A narrative review. Int. J. Clin. Pharm., 2021, 43(1), 35-45.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11096-020-01153-7] [PMID: 32974857]
[81]
Lu, L.-Y.; Zheng, g.-q.; Wang, Y. An overview of systematic reviews of shenmai injection for healthcare. Evi. Compl. Altern Med.: eCAM, 2014, 2014, 840650.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/840650]
[82]
Shi, L.; Xie, Y.; Liao, X.; Chai, Y.; Luo, Y. Shenmai injection as an adjuvant treatment for chronic cor pulmonale heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. BMC Complement. Altern. Med., 2015, 15(1), 418.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12906-015-0939-2] [PMID: 26603978]
[83]
Zhu, X.B.; Guo, M.; Zhang, Z.H.; Sun, L.H.; Liu, L.; Zhou, L.J.; Shan, C.L.; Yang, Y.; Kan, L.D.; Li, L.C. Chinese herbal injections for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A narrative review. Integr. Med. Res., 2021, 10(4), 100778.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.imr.2021.100778] [PMID: 34608432]
[84]
Pharmacopoeia of The People's Republic of China, 1st ed.; People's Medical Publishing House: Ovid, 2005.
[85]
Luo, H.; Yang, M.; Tang, Q.L.; Hu, X.Y.; Willcox, M.L.; Liu, J.P. Characteristics of registered clinical trials on traditional Chinese medicine for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19): A scoping review. Eur. J. Integr. Med., 2021, 41, 101251.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eujim.2020.101251] [PMID: 33204368]
[86]
Li, G.Q.; Zhao, J.; Tu, Z.T.; Li, J.B.; Liu, Q.Q.; Shi, L.Q.; Miao, Q.; Yuan, H.Q.; Liu, X.Q.; Long, Y.Y.; Liu, Z.G.; Zhao, T.; Li, L.; Tant, Q.H.; He, Y.C.; Bian, Y.J.; Hu, J.Q. Treating influenza patients of wind-heat affecting Fei syndrome by Jinhua Qinggan granule: a double-blinded randomized control trial. Chin. J. Integrat. Trad. Western Med., 2013, 33(12), 1631-1635.
[87]
Use of Patented Traditional Chinese Medicine against COVID-19; WORLD SCIENTIFIC, 2020.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/12029]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
72
2
Wayfinder Image
Open Access Journals Promotions
World Antimicrobial Awareness Week
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy