A Comprehensive Review of Essential Aspects of Molecular Pathophysiological
Mechanisms with Emerging Interventions for Sarcopenia in Older People

Priyanka      Prajapati; Anand      Kumar; Rishabh      Chaudary; Shubhada      Mangrulkar; Malti      Arya; Sapana      Kushwaha
doi:10.2174/1874467216666230308142137
Abstract

Background: As people age, physical impairments may have a deleterious role on skeletal muscles. Sarcopenia Clinical Practice Guidelines 2017 and the European Working Group on Sarcopenia in older people are two organizations that have published essential guidelines on the definition of “Sarcopenia”. Sarcopenia is a geriatric syndrome, characterized by skeletal muscle mass degeneration brought on by ageing, which lowers muscular function and quality. Moreover, Sarcopenia can be classified as primary or age-associated Sarcopenia and secondary Sarcopenia. Also, secondary Sarcopenia occurs when other diseases such as diabetes, obesity, cancer, cirrhosis, myocardial failure, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and inflammatory bowel disease also contribute to muscle loss. Furthermore, Sarcopenia is linked with a high risk of negative outcomes, considering a gradual reduction in physical mobility, poor balance, and increased fracture risks which ultimately leads to poor quality of life.
Objective: In this comprehensive review, we have elaborated on the pathophysiology, and various signaling pathways linked with Sarcopenia. Also, discussed the preclinical models and current interventional therapeutics to treat muscle wasting in older patients.
Conclusion: In a nutshell, a comprehensive description of the pathophysiology, mechanisms, animal models, and interventions of Sarcopenia. We also shed light on pharmacotherapeutics present in clinical trials which are being developed as potential therapeutic options for wasting diseases. Thus, this review could fill in the knowledge gaps regarding Sarcopenia-related muscle loss and muscle quality for both researchers and clinicians.
Keywords: Sarcopenia, Clinical trials, Pathophysiology, Signalling mechanisms, Preclinical models, Interventions.
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Role of AST120 for Sarcopenia Prevention in Pre-dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease. Patent NCT03788252,  Available from: https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT03788252

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TWK10 improves muscle mass and functional performance in frail older adults. Patent NCT04893746,  Available from: https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT04893746

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The Effect of Bovine Colostrum Supplementation in Older Adults. Patent NCT01792297,  Available from: https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT01792297

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Effect of Immunocal® With Exercise Versus Casein With Exercise on Aging Processes in Elderly Persons. Patent NCT00935610,  Available from: https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT00935610

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The Effect of Thyroid Hormone Therapy on Muscle Mass and Function in Older Adults With Subclinical Hypothyroidism. Patent NCT04354896,  Available from: https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT04354896

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Does Potassium Bicarbonate Improve the Effect of Dietary Protein on Bone and Muscle? Patent NCT00730184,  Available from: https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT00730184

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Ibuprofen Supplementation After Resistance Training and Its Effects on Bone in Older Women. Patent NCT01886196,  Available from: https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT01886196

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Effect of Obesity-derived Cytokines on Protein Turnover and Carbohydrate Metabolism in Human Skeletal Muscle. Patent NCT02305069,  Available from: https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT02305069

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Effect of Potassium Bicarbonate Supplementation on Bone and Muscle in Older Adults. Patent NCT00357214,  Available from: https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT00357214

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Impacts of Mechanistic Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Inhibition on Aged Human Muscle (Rapamune). Patent NCT05414292,  Available from: https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT05414292

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Impacts of Nicotinamide Riboside on Functional Capacity and Muscle Physiology in Older Veterans. Patent NCT04691986,  Available from: https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT04691986

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Systemic Hormones and Muscle Protein Synthesis. Patent NCT03054168,  Available from: https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT03054168

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Impact of Fat-free Mass in the Carboplatin Calculated Dose and Chemotherapeutic Toxicity in Patients With Advanced NSCLC. Patent NCT02734069,  Available from: https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT02734069

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Angiotensin Receptors and Age Related Mitochondrial Decline in HIV Patients. Patent NCT02606279,  Available from: https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT02606279

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Mediterranean Diet, Circuit Resistance Training, Empagliflozin in Elderly With Type 2 Diabetes: a Study Protocol. Patent NCT03560375,  Available from: https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT03560375

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Trial of Nicotinamide Riboside and Co-enzyme Q10 in Chronic Kidney Disease. Patent NCT03579693,  Available from: https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT03579693

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The Effect of Intradialytic Parenteral Nutrition on Nutritional Status and Quality of Life in Hemodialysis Patients. Patent NCT04094038,  Available from: https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT04094038

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The Physiologic Effects of Intranasal Oxytocin on Sarcopenic Obesity. Patent NCT03119610,  Available from: https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT03119610

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The Effect of Alfacalcidol on Muscle Strength in Elderly Indonesian Women : A Randomized Controlled Trial. Patent NCT02327091,  Available from: https://ClinicalTrials.gov/show/NCT02327091
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DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874467216666230308142137	Print ISSN 1874-4672
Publisher Name Bentham Science Publisher	Online ISSN 1874-4702
Current Molecular Pharmacology

A Comprehensive Review of Essential Aspects of Molecular Pathophysiological Mechanisms with Emerging Interventions for Sarcopenia in Older People

Abstract

Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Disease

Common Mechanisms Underpinning Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Psychiatric Diseases

New Cell Death Regulation Drugs for Cardiovascular Diseases

Current Molecular Pharmacology

A Comprehensive Review of Essential Aspects of Molecular Pathophysiological Mechanisms with Emerging Interventions for Sarcopenia in Older People

Abstract

Call for Papers in Thematic Issues

Advances in the Diagnosis and Treatment of Head and Neck Disease

Common Mechanisms Underpinning Neurodevelopmental Disorders and Psychiatric Diseases

New Cell Death Regulation Drugs for Cardiovascular Diseases

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