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Review Article

来自疟原虫感染宿主的细胞外囊泡作为“训练”先天免疫的刺激

卷 30, 期 39, 2023

发表于: 24 March, 2023

页: [4450 - 4465] 页: 16

弟呕挨: 10.2174/0929867330666230207115157

价格: $65

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摘要

虽然疟疾的负担已在全球得到成功控制，但这一疾病仍然是一个重大的公共卫生问题。迄今为止，现有的疟疾药物和疫苗都不足以在全世界消灭疟疾。为了实现到2040年根除疟疾的目标，迫切需要针对所有疟原虫物种的有效干预措施。作为疫苗设计的基石，免疫记忆在宿主防御疟原虫感染中起着重要作用。长期以来，人们一直认为先天免疫是非特异性的，缺乏免疫记忆。然而，新出现的证据表明，在身体暴露于传染性病原体(如疟原虫或其产物)后，先天免疫可以得到训练，这反过来又促进了先天免疫细胞中某种记忆的产生。上述“训练”的先天免疫细胞，其表型因表观遗传修饰、代谢重组或细胞因子分泌而改变，在身体暴露于病原体后表现出不同的病理生理学。此外，被疟原虫感染的红细胞和其他宿主细胞可以分泌含有寄生虫特异性保守信息的外泌体，如蛋白质、RNA、非编码RNA分子和核酸。这些分子可以作为刺激物，促进对疟疾的“训练”先天免疫的建立，从而改变寄生虫病的发生和发展。更深入地了解外泌体在疟原虫感染期间“训练”先天免疫发展中的作用，可以为疟疾感染提供新的治疗和预防策略。

关键词: 疟原虫，细胞外囊泡，先天免疫细胞，刺激，疟疾，RNA。

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