Carbapenem Antibiotics: Recent Update on Synthesis and Pharmacological
Activities

Abhishek      Tiwari; Varsha      Tiwari; Biswa   Mohan   Sahoo; Bimal   Krishna   Banik; Manish      Kumar; Navneet      Verma

doi:10.2174/2589977514666220907141939

Abstract

Right from the breakthrough of carbapenems since 1976, many schemes on synthesis, structure-activity relationship (SAR), and biological activities have been carried out, and several carbapenems have been developed, including parentally active carbapenems like imipenem, doripenem, biapenem, meropenem, ertapenem, panipenem, razupenem, tomopenem, and cilastatin, whereas orally active carbapenems like GV-118819, GV-104326, CS-834, L-084, DZ-2640, CL 191, 121, L-646, 591, S-4661, ER-35768, MK-826. Prodrugs of carbapenem with increased bioavailability include temopenem, tebipenem, sanfetrinem, LK-157, and CP 5484. Merck, Glaxo Welcome Research Group, Johnson & Johnson, Sankyo Group and Dai-ichi Group, and Wyeth-Ayerst Group were among the businesses that produced carbapenems. In this review Witting reaction, Mitsunobu reaction, Dieckmann reaction, palladium-catalyzed hydrogenolysis, E. coli-based cloned synthesis, as well as biosynthetic enzymes such as carbapenem synthetase (carA), carboxymethylproline synthase (carB), carbapenem synthase (carC) are included. Carbapenems are biologically mainly active in the infections like urinary tract infections, bloodstream infections, tuberculosis, intra-abdominal infections, and pathogens like anaerobes, gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.

Keywords: Carbapenem, antibiotics, structure, chemistry, resistance, mechanism of action.

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DOI https://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2589977514666220907141939	Print ISSN 2589-9775
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