Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Nanomedicine

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 2468-1873
ISSN (Online): 2468-1881

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Mini-Review Article

Pharmacosomes: A Versatile Delivery System for Problematic Molecules

Author(s): Pulkit Rana, Ayush Mahajan, Dilpreet Singh* and Kuldeep Singh

Volume 11, Issue 2, 2021

Published on: 17 September, 2021

Page: [82 - 90] Pages: 9

DOI: 10.2174/2468187311666210521100441

Price: $65

Open Access Journals Promotions 2
conference banner
Abstract

Amongst various lipids-based vesicular system, pharmacosomes bear unique advantage over various other lipid based vesicular system. Pharmacosomes are novel vesicular drug delivery system. Pharmacosomes impart better biopharmaceutical properties for synthetic and herbal drugs. Drug incorporated in pharmacosomes encompasses increased bioavailability, reduced toxicity and enhanced stability. Pharmacosome are generally prepared via phospholipid, but various drugs have been derived from different lipid moieties. These include fatty acyl derivatives, fatty alcohol derivative, cholesteryl derivatives. Pharmacosome were evaluated for different parameters such as size, surface morphology, drug entrapment, solubility and in vitro drug release rate. There has been advancement in the scope of this delivery system for several drugs used including NSAIDs, Anti-cancer, anti-viral, anti-hypertension and diuretic drugs. This article reviews the latent pharmacosome as a novel controlled and targeted drug delivery system and highlights the methods of preparation and characterization and application of pharmacosome in drug delivery for herbal and synthetic drugs.

Keywords: Pharmacosomes, nanocarrier, solubility, drug delivery characterization, bioavailability, lipids, vesicles.

« Previous
Graphical Abstract

[1]
Supraja B, Mullangi S. An updated review on pharmacosome, a vesicular drug delivery system. J Drug Deliv Ther 2019; 9(1-s): 393-402.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i1-s.2234]
[2]
Saraf S, Rathi R, Kaur CD, Saraf S. Colloidosomes an advanced system in drug delivery. Asian J Sci Res 2011; 1: 1-15.
[3]
Sevenson S. Drug carrier Wikipedia, Carrier based drug delivery. 2004.
[4]
Patel JL, Bharadia PD. A review on: Pharmacosome as a novel vesicular drug delivery system. World J Pharm Res 2012; 1: 456-69.
[5]
Sharma PH, Powar PV, Sharma SS. Pharmacosome: A novel drug delivery system. J Pharm Innov 2014; 3(10): 94-100.
[6]
Vaizoglu MO, Speiser PP. Pharmacosomes--a novel drug delivery system. Acta Pharm Suec 1986; 23(3): 163-72.
[PMID: 3766161]
[7]
Ahmed AG, Othman AM. Pharmacosome: An updated review. Univers J Pharm Res 2017; 2(1): 1-5.
[8]
Bhingare U, Khadabadi SS, Shinde N. Pharmacosome: A novel drug delivery system. Int J Pharmresallied Sci 2014; 3(1): 14-20.
[9]
Semalty A, Semalty M, Rawat BS, Singh D, Rawat MSM. Pharmacosomes: the lipid-based new drug delivery system. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2009; 6(6): 599-612.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/17425240902967607] [PMID: 19519287]
[10]
D K , Sowjanya JN, Panaganti S. Pharmacosome: An emerging vesicular system. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res 2010; 5(3): 168-71.
[11]
Yang X, Jiang Q, Du P, Zhao J. Preparation and characterization of solidified oleanolic acid-phospholipid complex aiming to improve the dissolution of oleanolic acid. Asian J Pharm 2015; 11(2): 241-7.
[12]
Kaur IP, Kanwar M. Ocular preparations: the formulation approach. Drug Dev Ind Pharm 2002; 28(5): 473-93.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1081/DDC-120003445] [PMID: 12098838]
[13]
Pandita A, Sharma P. Pharmacosomes: an emerging novel vesicular drug delivery system for poorly soluble synthetic and herbal drugs. ISRN Pharm 2013; 2013: 348186.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/348186] [PMID: 24106615]
[14]
Khulbe P, Rajput DM, Khan T. Pharmacosome: an effective approach for Drug Delivery. SGVU Int J Pharm Edu Res 2019; 4(1): 352-8.
[15]
Muller-Goymann CC, Hamann HJ. Pharmacosome: Multilamellar vesicles consisting of pure drug. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 1991; 37: 113-7.
[16]
Singh A, Jain R. Targeted vesicular constructs for cytoprotection and treatment of H. Pylori. US Patent 6576, 2003.
[17]
Rewar S, Mirdha D, Revar P. A vital role of Pharmacosome’s on controlled and novel drug delivery. Asian J Res Pharm Sci Biotech 2014; 2(4): 163-70.
[18]
Duggal S, Kanwar K. Development and characterization of self assembled nanoparticles: A review. Int J Pharm Sci Rev Res 2012; 10: 367-75.
[19]
Damle M, Mallya R. Development and evaluation of a novel delivery system containing phytophospholipid complex for skin aging. AAPS Pharm Sci Tech 2016; 17(3): 607-17.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1208/s12249-015-0386-x] [PMID: 26285673]
[20]
Venkatesh DN, Kalyani K, Tulasi K, Priyanka VS, Ali SKA, Kumar SS. Pharmacosome: A potential vesicular drug delivery system. Inter J Pharm Sci Drug Res 2014; 6(2): 90-4.
[21]
Kapoor B, Gupta R, Singh SK, Gulati M, Singh S. Prodrugs, phospholipids and vesicular delivery - An effective triumvirate of pharmacosome. Adv colloid inferface Sci 2018; 253: 35-65.
[22]
Semalty A, Semalty M, Singh D, Rawat MS, Rawat MSM. Development and physicochemical evaluation of pharmacosomes of diclofenac. Acta Pharm 2009; 59(3): 335-44.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10007-009-0023-x] [PMID: 19819829]
[23]
Semalty A, Semalty M, Rawat BS, Singh D, Rawat MSM. Development and evaluation of pharmacosomes of aceclofenac. Indian J Pharm Sci 2010; 72(5): 576-81.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0250-474X.78523] [PMID: 21694988]
[24]
Semalty A, Semalty M, Rawat BS, Singh D, Rawat MSM. Development and characterization of aspirin-phospholipid complex for improved drug delivery. Int J Pharm Sci Nanotechnol 2010; 3: 940-7.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2010.3.2.7]
[25]
M K , Baviskar D, Wagh K. Formulation and evaluation of pharmacosomes of ketoprofen. Indo Am J Pharm Res 2014; 4: 1363-8.
[26]
Zhang ZR, Wang JX, Lu J. Optimization of the preparation of 3′,5′-dioctanoyl-5-fluoro-2′-deoxyuridine pharmacosomes using central composite design. Yao Xue Xue Bao 2001; 36(6): 456-61.
[PMID: 12585133]
[27]
Pedersen PJ, Christensen MS, Ruysschaert T, et al. Synthesis and biophysical characterization of chlorambucil anticancer ether lipid prodrugs. J Med Chem 2009; 52(10): 3408-15.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm900091h] [PMID: 19402667]
[28]
Jin Y, Yang F, Du L. Nanoassemblies containing a fluorouracil/zidovudine glyceryl prodrug with phospholipase A2-triggered drug release for cancer treatment. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 112: 421-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.08.021] [PMID: 24036626]
[29]
Li M, Qi S, Jin Y, Dong J. Self-assembled drug delivery systems. Part 8: In vitro/in vivo studies of the nanoassemblies of cholesteryl-phosphonyl gemcitabine. Int J Pharm 2015; 478(1): 124-30.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2014.11.033] [PMID: 25448574]
[30]
Zhu W, Fang S, Zhang Y, Li X. Functional vesicles formed by anticancer drug assembly. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25(2): 188-91.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.11.085] [PMID: 25515557]
[31]
Jiang Y, Luan Y, Qin F, Zhao L, Li Z. Catanionic vesicles from an amphiphilic prodrug molecule: a new concept for drug delivery systems. RSC Advances 2012; 2: 6905-12.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2ra20653f]
[32]
Semalty M, Badoni P, Singh D, Semalty A. Modulation of solubility and dissolution of furosemide by preparation of phospholipid complex. Drug Dev Ther 2014; 5: 172-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2394-2002.139641]
[33]
Jin YG, Ai P, Li M, Hou XP. Preparation and properties of Acyclovir pharmacosomes. Carol J Pharm 2005; 36: 617-20.
[34]
Ping A, Jin Y, Da-Wei C. Preparation and in vivo behavior of didanosine pharmacosomes in rats. Carol J Pharm 2005; 3: 227-35.
[35]
Du L, Jia J, Ge P, Jin Y. Self-assemblies of 5′-cholesteryl-ethyl-phosphoryl zidovudine. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2016; 148: 385-91.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2016.09.009] [PMID: 27636322]
[36]
Jin Y, Xing L, Tian Y, et al. Self-assembled drug delivery systems. Part 4. In vitro/in vivo studies of the self-assemblies of cholesteryl-phosphonyl zidovudine. Int J Pharm 2009; 381(1): 40-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2009.07.024] [PMID: 19646518]
[37]
Apostolova E, Spaseska B, Crcarevska MS, Dodov MG, Raichki RS. An overview of phytosomes as a novel herbal drug delivery system. 2015; 1(1): 95-6.
[38]
Li J, Wang X, Zhang T, et al. A review on phospholipids and their main applications in drug delivery systems. Asian J Pharma Sci 2015; 10(2): 81-98.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajps.2014.09.004]
[39]
Awasthi R, Kulkarni G, Pawar VK. Phytosomes: an approach to increase the bioavailability of plant extracts. Int J Pharm Pharm Sci 2011; 3(2): 1-3.
[40]
Lu M, Qiu Q, Luo X, et al. Phyto-phospholipid complexes (phytosomes): A novel strategy to improve the bioavailability of active constituents. Asian J Pharm Sci 2019; 14(3): 265-74.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajps.2018.05.011] [PMID: 32104457]
[41]
Bhattacharya S. Phytosomes: the new technology for enhancement of bioavailability of botanicals and nutraceuticals. Int J Health Res 2009; 2(3): 225-32.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijhr.v2i3.47905]
[42]
Kidd PM. Bioavailability and activity of phytosome complexes from botanical polyphenols: the silymarin, curcumin, green tea, and grape seed extracts. Altern Med Rev 2009; 14(3): 226-46.
[PMID: 19803548]
[43]
Maiti K, Mukherjee K, Gantait A, Saha BP, Mukherjee PK. Curcumin-phospholipid complex: Preparation, therapeutic evaluation and pharmacokinetic study in rats. Int J Pharm 2007; 330(1-2): 155-63.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijpharm.2006.09.025] [PMID: 17112692]
[44]
Patel J, Patel R, Khambholja K, Patel N. An overview of phytosomes as an advanced herbal drug delivery system. Asian J Pharma Sci 2008; 4(6): 363-71.
[45]
Chen ZP, Sun J, Chen HX, et al. Comparative pharmacokinetics and bioavailability studies of quercetin, kaempferol and isorhamnetin after oral administration of Ginkgo biloba extracts, Ginkgo biloba extract phospholipid complexes and Ginkgo biloba extract solid dispersions in rats. Fitoterapia 2010; 81(8): 1045-52.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fitote.2010.06.028] [PMID: 20603197]
[46]
Yu F, Li Y, Chen Q, et al. Monodisperse microparticles loaded with the self-assembled berberine-phospholipid complex-based phytosomes for improving oral bioavailability and enhancing hypoglycemic efficiency. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2016; 103: 136-48.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejpb.2016.03.019] [PMID: 27020531]
[47]
Linderoth L, Peters GH, Madsen R, Andresen TL. Drug delivery by an enzyme-mediated cyclization of a lipid prodrug with unique bilayer-formation properties. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2009; 48(10): 1823-6.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.200805241] [PMID: 19173369]
[48]
Yue PF, Zheng Q, Wu B, et al. Process optimization by response surface design and characterization study on geniposide pharmacosomes. Pharm Dev Technol 2012; 17(1): 94-102.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10837450.2010.516439] [PMID: 20919929]
[49]
Xue F, Lin X, Cai Z, Liu X, Ma Y, Wu M. Doxifluridine-based pharmacosomes delivering miR-122 as tumor microenvironments-activated nanoplatforms for synergistic treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 197: 111367.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2020.111367] [PMID: 33007506]
[50]
Lieber CS, DeCarli LM, Mak KM, Kim CI, Leo MA. Attenuation of alcohol-induced hepatic fibrosis by polyunsaturated lecithin. Hepatology 1990; 12(6): 1390-8.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hep.1840120621] [PMID: 2258155]

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
35
1
Wayfinder Image
Open Access Journals Promotions
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy