Login Register Cart 0
Generic placeholder image

Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry

Editor-in-Chief

ISSN (Print): 1568-0266
ISSN (Online): 1873-4294

Back
Journal Home About Journal Editorial Board Journal Insight Current Issue Volumes/Issues
Subscribe
Review Article

The Patenting and Technological Trends in Candidiasis Treatment: A Systematic Review (2014-2018)

Author(s): Izabel Almeida Alves, Flávia Medeiros Savi, Juliana de Vasconcelos C. Braz, Lucindo José Quintans Junior and Mairim Russo Serafini*

Volume 19, Issue 28, 2019

Page: [2629 - 2639] Pages: 11

DOI: 10.2174/1568026619666191030091211

Price: $65

conference banner
Abstract

Background: In the last few decades, mycoses caused by opportunistic fungi namely Candida species has gained significant attention. Such infections are very common and present high mortality rates, especially in immunocompromised patients. Currently, a limited number of antifungal drugs are available for the treatment of these infections and are also often related to severe adverse side effects. Therefore, new drugs and innovative technologies for the treatment of this infection are necessary.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the development of new drugs, formulations, as well as patents for the treatment of infections caused by Candida spp.

Methods: The present patent review was carried out through a specialized search database Espacenet. The patent selection was based on the following inclusion criteria: Recent patents published in English or Spanish containing candidiasis as the keyword in the title, abstract or full text. This survey was conducted in October and November 2018.

Results: As a result of that, 22 patents were selected to the final selection, the most common routes of application were oral (n = 6), vaginal (n = 6), topical (n = 5) and others (n = 5). This fact is related to the clinical manifestations of candidiasis.

Conclusion: Through this review, it was possible to identify significant improvements and advances in the area of antifungal therapeutic innovation research. In addition, we demonstrated the growing interest of academic and industrial groups in pharmaceutical development and novel formulations for the treatment of candidiasis. New therapeutic options can contribute to improve the quality of patient’s life, prevent infections and promote the search for an innovative and effective treatment of Candida infections.

Keywords: Candida spp., Antifungals drugs, Candidiasis treatments, Clinical manifestations, Patents, Pharmaceutical development.

« Previous
Graphical Abstract

[1]
Millsop, J.W.; Fazel, N. Oral candidiasis. Clin. Dermatol., 2016, 34(4), 487-494.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.clindermatol.2016.02.022] [PMID: 27343964]
[2]
Campos, L.M.; De Melo, L.; Lemos, A.S.O.; Clara, M.; Guedes, M.R.; Silva, T.P.; Figueiredo, G.F.; Reis, J.L.; Rocha, V.N.; Melo, R.C.N.; Araújo, M.G.F.; Apolônio, A.C.M.; Scio, E.; Fabri, R.L. A promising antifungal in the treatment of Vulvovaginal candidiasis. Ind. Crops Prod., 2018, 123, 731-739.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.indcrop.2018.07.038]
[3]
de Freitas, A.L.D.; Kaplum, V.; Rossi, D.C.P.; da Silva, L.B.R.; Melhem, M.S.C.; Taborda, C.P.; de Mello, J.C.P.; Nakamura, C.V.; Ishida, K. Proanthocyanidin polymeric tannins from Stryphnodendron adstringens are effective against Candida spp. isolates and for vaginal candidiasis treatment. J. Ethnopharmacol., 2018, 216, 184-190.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jep.2018.01.008] [PMID: 29325916]
[4]
Pfaller, M.A.; Diekema, D.J. Epidemiology of invasive candidiasis: a persistent public health problem. Clin. Microbiol. Rev., 2007, 20(1), 133-163.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/CMR.00029-06] [PMID: 17223626]
[5]
Sawant, B.; Khan, T. Recent advances in delivery of antifungal agents for therapeutic management of candidiasis. Biomed. Pharmacother., 2017, 96, 1478-1490.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2017.11.127] [PMID: 29223551]
[6]
Kullberg, B.J.; Viscoli, C.; Pappas, P.G.; Vazquez, J.; Ostrosky, L.; Rotstein, C.; Sobel, J.D.; Herbrecht, R.; Rahav, G. Isavuconazole versus caspofungin in the treatment of candidemia and other invasive Candida infections: The ACTIVE Trial. Infect. Dis. Soc. Am, 2019, 68(12), 1981-1989.
[http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1093/cid/ciy827.]
[7]
Brand, S.R.; Degenhardt, T.P.; Person, K.; Sobel, J.D.; Nyirjesy, P.; Schotzinger, R.J.; Tavakkol, A. A phase 2, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study to evaluate the efficacy and safety of orally administered VT-1161 in the treatment of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 2018, 218(6), 624.e1-624.e9.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajog.2018.03.001] [PMID: 29534874]
[8]
Shi, J.; Li, S.; Gao, A.; Zhu, K.; Zhang, H. Tetrandrine enhances the antifungal activity of fluconazole in a murine model of disseminated candidiasis. Phytomedicine, 2018, 46, 21-31.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.phymed.2018.06.003] [PMID: 30097119]
[9]
Rodríguez-Cerdeira, C.; Gregorio, M.C.; Molares-Vila, A.; López-Barcenas, A.; Fabbrocini, G.; Bardhi, B.; Sinani, A.; Sánchez-Blanco, E.; Arenas-Guzmán, R.; Hernandez-Castro, R. Biofilms and Vulvovaginal candidiasis. Colloids Surf. B Biointerfaces, 2019, 174, 110-125.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfb.2018.11.011] [PMID: 30447520]
[10]
Srivastava, N.; Kumar, D.; Kumar, V.; Pal, A. Emulgel formulation for vaginal candidiasis: pharmaceutical characterization, in vitro and in vivo evaluation. J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol., 2018, 48, 490-498.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2018.10.013]
[11]
Tumietto, F.; Giacomelli, L. Fenticonazole: an effective topical treatment for superficial mycoses as the first-step of antifungal stewardship program. Eur. Rev. Med. Pharmacol. Sci., 2017, 21(11), 2749-2756.
[PMID: 28678309]
[12]
Marak, M.B.; Dhanashree, B. Antifungal susceptibility and biofilm production of Candida Spp. isolated from clinical samples. Int. J. Microbiol., 2018, 20187495218
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/7495218] [PMID: 30405717]
[13]
Denning, D.W.; Kneale, M.; Sobel, J.D.; Rautemaa-Richardson, R. Global burden of recurrent vulvovaginal candidiasis: a systematic review. Lancet Infect. Dis., 2018, 18(11), e339-e347.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S1473-3099(18)30103-8] [PMID: 30078662]
[14]
Murina, F.; Vicariotto, F.; Di Francesco, S. Thymol, eugenol and lactobacilli in a medical device for the treatment of Bacterial vaginosis and Vulvovaginal candidiasis. New Microbiol., 2018, 41(3), 220-224.
[PMID: 29874389]
[15]
Samiei, N.; Olyaie, E.; Saberi, S.; Esmaeil, M. Development of a gum base formulation for nystatin: a new drug delivery approach for treatment of oral candidiasis. J. Drug Deliv. Sci. Technol., 2018, 48, 59-65.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jddst.2018.08.023]
[16]
Ou, H.T.; Lee, T.Y.; Chen, Y.C.; Charbonneau, C. Pharmacoeconomic analysis of antifungal therapy for primary treatment of invasive candidiasis caused by Candida albicans and non-albicans Candida species. BMC Infect. Dis., 2017, 17(1), 481.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12879-017-2573-8] [PMID: 28693479]
[17]
Freire, F.; Ferraresi, C.; Jorge, A.O.; Hamblin, M.R.; Hamblin, M.R. Photodynamic therapy of oral Candida infection in a mouse model. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B, 2016, 159, 161-168.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2016.03.049] [PMID: 27074245]
[18]
Delgado, A.C.N.; Taguchi, H.; Mikami, Y.; Myiajy, M.; Villares, M.C.B.; Moretti, M.L. Human cryptococcosis: relationship of environmental and clinical strains of Cryptococcus neoformans var. neoformans from urban and rural areas. Mycopathologia, 2005, 159(1), 7-11.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11046-004-9618-4] [PMID: 15750727]
[19]
Peyton, L.R.; Gallagher, S.; Hashemzadeh, M. Triazole antifungals: a review. Drugs Today (Barc), 2015, 51(12), 705-718.
[PMID: 26798851]
[20]
Qiu, H.; Mao, Y.; Gu, Y.; Zhu, J.; Wang, Y.; Zeng, J.; Huang, N.; Liu, Q.; Yang, Y. The potential of photodynamic therapy to treat esophageal candidiasis coexisting with esophageal cancer. J. Photochem. Photobiol. B, 2014, 130, 305-309.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2013.11.028] [PMID: 24378331]
[21]
Santezi, C.; Reina, B.D.; Dovigo, L.N. Curcumin-mediated Photodynamic Therapy for the treatment of oral infections-A review. Photodiagn. Photodyn. Ther., 2018, 21, 409-415.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pdpdt.2018.01.016] [PMID: 29378256]
[22]
da Collina, G.A.; Freire, F.; Santos, T.P.D.C.; Sobrinho, N.G.; Aquino, S.; Prates, R.A.; da Silva, D.F.T.; Tempestini Horliana, A.C.R.; Pavani, C. Controlling methylene blue aggregation: a more efficient alternative to treat Candida albicans infections using photodynamic therapy. Photochem. Photobiol. Sci., 2018, 17(10), 1355-1364.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/C8PP00238J] [PMID: 30183793]
[23]
Sakima, V.T.; Barbugli, P.A.; Cerri, P.S.; Chorilli, M.; Carmello, J.C.; Pavarina, A.C.; Mima, E.G.O.; Mima, D.O. Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy mediated by curcumin-loaded polymeric nanoparticles in a murine model of oral candidiasis. Molecules, 2018, 23(8)E2075
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules23082075] [PMID: 30126245]
[24]
de Menezes, A.F.; Shanmugam, S.; Gomes, I.A.; de Carvalho, F.O.; Quintans-Júnior, L.J.; Gurgel, R.Q.; de Santana Silva, B.; Serafini, M.R.; Araújo, A.A.S. Synthetic drugs for the treatment of vitiligo: a patent review (2010-2015). Expert Opin. Ther. Pat., 2016, 26(10), 1175-1187.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13543776.2016.1215434] [PMID: 27458777]
[25]
Diniz, T.C.; Pinto, T.C.C.; Menezes, P.D.P.; Silva, J.C.; Teles, R.B.A.; Ximenes, R.C.C.; Guimarães, A.G.; Serafini, M.R.; Araújo, A.A.S.; Quintans Júnior, L.J.; Almeida, J.R.G.D.S. Cyclodextrins improving the physicochemical and pharmacological properties of antidepressant drugs: a patent review. Expert Opin. Ther. Pat., 2018, 28(1), 81-92.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13543776.2017.1384816] [PMID: 28965471]
[26]
Serafini, M.R.; Guimarães, A.G.; Quintans, J.S.S.; Araújo, A.A.S.; Nunes, P.S.; Quintans-Júnior, L.J. Natural compounds for solar photoprotection: a patent review. Expert Opin. Ther. Pat., 2015, 25(4), 467-478.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/13543776.2014.1000863] [PMID: 25576326]
[27]
Beall, R.F.; Blanchet, R.; Attaran, A. In which developing countries are patents on essential medicines being filed? Global. Health, 2017, 13(1), 38.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12992-017-0262-4] [PMID: 28651631]
[28]
Alves, I.A.; Camargo, F.P.; Goulart, L.S. [Identification by PCR and antifungal susceptibility of vaginal clinical Candida sp isolates Rev. Soc. Bras. Med. Trop., 2010, 43(5), 575-579.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0037-86822010000500021] [PMID: 21085873]
[29]
Hsueh, P-R.; Lau, Y-J.; Chuang, Y-C.; Wan, J-H.; Huang, W-K.; Shyr, J-M.; Yan, J-J.; Yu, K-W.; Wu, J-J.; Ko, W-C.; Yang, Y-C.; Liu, Y-C.; Teng, L-J.; Liu, C-Y.; Luh, K-T. Antifungal susceptibilities of clinical isolates of Candida species, Cryptococcus neoformans, and Aspergillus species from Taiwan: surveillance of multicenter antimicrobial resistance in Taiwan program data from 2003. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 2005, 49(2), 512-517.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.49.2.512-517.2005] [PMID: 15673726]
[30]
Liu, N.; Wang, C.; Su, H.; Zhang, W.; Sheng, C. Strategies in the discovery of novel antifungal scaffolds. Future Med. Chem., 2016, 8(12), 1435-1454.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/fmc-2016-0020] [PMID: 27463376]
[31]
Lacaz, C.S.; Porto, E.; Martins, J.E.C.; Heins-Vaccari, E.M.; Takahashi De Melo, N. Tratado de micologia médica. Rev. Inst. Med. Trop. São Paulo, 2002, 44, 297-298.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0036-46652002000500013]
[32]
Poulain, D. Candida albicans, plasticity and pathogenesis. Crit. Rev. Microbiol., 2015, 41(2), 208-217.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/1040841X.2013.813904] [PMID: 23962107]
[33]
Polesello, V.; Segat, L.; Crovella, S.; Zupin, L. Candida infections and human defensins. Protein Pept. Lett., 2017, 24(8), 747-756.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929866524666170807125245] [PMID: 28782479]
[34]
Silva, J.N.; Lages, C.S.; Nunes, L.C.; Silva, E.C.; Silva, B.B. Polímeros mucoadesivos para uso vaginal: uma prospecção tecnológica. Rev. GEINTEC., 2014, 4, 622-631.
[35]
Nordsiek, M.T.; Balaji, K.S. High dosage mucoadhesive metronidazole aqueous-based gel formulations their use to treat. AU2016200825 (A1) 2016.
[36]
Yildiz, P.M.A.; Özsoy, E.M.Y.; Arslan, D. Mucoadhesive buccal in situ gel formulation. EP3173067 (A1) 2017.
[37]
Noe, M.; Noe, C. Use of combination preparations, comprising antimycotics. AU2013254945 (A1) 2013.
[38]
Johnson, M.D.; MacDougall, C.; Ostrosky-Zeichner, L.; Perfect, J.R.; Rex, J.H. Combination antifungal therapy. Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., 2004, 48(3), 693-715.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/AAC.48.3.693-715.2004] [PMID: 14982754]
[39]
Langer, L.T.A.; do Carmo, R.L.; Staudt, K.J.; Alves, I.A. Biofilmes em infecção por Candida: uma revisão da literatura. RICSB, 2018, 2(2), 1-15.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.31512/ricsb.v2i2.2548]
[40]
Becker, D. da L.; Bulle, D.J.; Rodrigues, P.L.; Santos, O.D.; Lana, D.F.D.; Fuentefria, A.M. Antifungal susceptibility in Candida biofilm isolated from urine outpatients. Rev. Epidemiol. Contr. Infec., 2016, 6, 107-113.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.17058/reci.v6i3.6934]
[41]
Raman, N.; Lee, M-R.; Palecek, S.P.; Lynn, D.M. Polymer multilayers loaded with antifungal β-peptides kill planktonic Candida albicans and reduce formation of fungal biofilms on the surfaces of flexible catheter tubes. J. Control. Release, 2014, 191, 54-62.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconrel.2014.05.026] [PMID: 24862322]
[42]
Gordon, S.; Flynn, D. Compositions and methods for treating vaginal infections and pathogenic vaginal biofilms. US2015110898 (A1) 2015.
[43]
Sobel, J.D.; Chaim, W.; Nagappan, V.; Leaman, D. Treatment of vaginitis caused by Candida glabrata: use of topical boric acid and flucytosine. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol., 2003, 189(5), 1297-1300.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1067/S0002-9378(03)00726-9] [PMID: 14634557]
[44]
Zida, A.; Bamba, S.; Yacouba, A.; Ouedraogo-Traore, R.; Guiguemdé, R.T. Anti-Candida albicans natural products, sources of new antifungal drugs: A review. J. Mycol. Med., 2017, 27(1), 1-19.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mycmed.2016.10.002] [PMID: 27842800]
[45]
Newman, D.J.; Cragg, G.M.; Snader, K.M. Natural products as sources of new drugs over the period 1981-2002. J. Nat. Prod., 2003, 66(7), 1022-1037.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np030096l] [PMID: 12880330]
[46]
Stan, C.D.; Tuchiluş, C.; Stan, C.I. Echinocandins--new antifungal agents. Rev. Med. Chir. Soc. Med. Nat. Iasi, 2014, 118(2), 528-536.
[PMID: 25076727]
[47]
Chang, C.C.; Slavin, M.A.; Chen, S.C-A. New developments and directions in the clinical application of the echinocandins. Arch. Toxicol., 2017, 91(4), 1613-1621.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00204-016-1916-3] [PMID: 28180946]
[48]
Deray, G. Amphotericin B nephrotoxicity. J. Antimicrob. Chemother., 2002, 49(Suppl. 1), 37-41.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jac/49.suppl_1.37] [PMID: 11801579]
[49]
Meuwly, P.; Abbet, C.; Schnyder, B.; Denis, J.-M.; Simonnet, X. Anti-candida compositions and uses thereof. US2017035821 (A1) 2017.
[50]
Polachira, D.S.K.; Vidya, A.G.; Jayalekha, R.N.R. Antifungal formulations from medicinal plants for Vaginal candidiasis. WO2018051363 (A1) 2018.
[51]
Lozano, T.J.A.; Arguelles, O.J.C.; Arguelles, P.A.; Sanchez-Fresneda, P.R.; Guirao, A.J.P. Synergistic composition comprising propolis and carnosic acid for use in the prevention and treatment of candidiasis. US2018021389 (A1) 2018.
[52]
Rojas, B.N.U.; Martinez, B.M.A.; Catalan, S.J.A.; Freer, C.J. Tissue- conditioning kit comprising a terpenic anti-fungal agent exhibiting activity against oral candidiasis present in subprosthetic stomatitis. WO2015143575 (A1) 2015.
[53]
Awaad, A.S.; Zain, M.E.-D.; El-Meligy, R.M.; Al-Anazi, N.K.; Alothman, M.R. Method for treating candidiasis. US9629885 (B1) 2017.
[54]
Andres, P.; Chantalat, L.; Lin, Y.-K. Treatment of candidiasis with indigo naturalis or indigo-producing plant extract. WO2016162486 (A1) 2016.
[55]
Jeavons, H.S. Prevention and treatment of Vulvovaginal candidiasis using exogenous Lactobacillus. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Neonatal Nurs., 2003, 32(3), 287-296.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0884217503253439] [PMID: 12774870]
[56]
De Seta, F.; Parazzini, F.; De Leo, R.; Banco, R.; Maso, G.P.; De Santo, D.; Sartore, A.; Stabile, G.; Inglese, S.; Tonon, M. Restaino, S. Lactobacillus plantarum P17630 for preventing Candida vaginitis recurrence: a retrospective comparative study. Eur. J. Obstet. Gynecol. Reprod. Biol., 2014, 182, 136-139.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejogrb.2014.09.018] [PMID: 25305660]
[57]
Mogna, G. Lactic acid bacterial composition for the simultaneous treatment of vaginal infections of fungal and bacterial origin. WO2017163217 (A1) 2017.
[58]
Dalin, M.V.; Vasilieva, E.A.; Anokhina, I.V.; Kravtsov, E.G.; Yashina, N.V.; Mefyod, K.M.; Kulchitskaya, M.A.; Matveev, A.A.; Slinina, K.N.; Vasiliev, A.S.; Lazovskaya, A.L.; Vorobyova, Z.G. Biopreparation balis for the prophylaxis and treatment of infectious diseases. US2014377241 (A1) 2014.
[59]
Lienart, V.L.D.J.J.; Quintens, J.; Warzée, J.-P. Composition comprising at least one probiotic bacterium and intended to be used for the treatment of buccal mycoses. WO2017042275 (A1) 2017.
[60]
Cassone, A. Vulvovaginal Candida albicans infections: pathogenesis, immunity and vaccine prospects. BJOG, 2015, 122(6), 785-794.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1471-0528.12994] [PMID: 25052208]
[61]
Edwards, J.E.J.; Filler, S.G.; Hennessey, J.P.J.; Cooke, M.T.; Sobel, J.D. Methods and kits for use in preventing and treating vulvovaginal candidiasis. WO2017155949 (A1) 2017.
[62]
Yeaman, M.R.; Ibrahim, A.S.; Filler, S.G.; Edwards, J.J.E. Compositions and methods of treating fungal and bacterial pathogens. US2016030533 (A1) 2016.
[63]
Mazurkeviciute, A.; Ramanauskiene, K.; Askiene, M.I.; Grigonis, A.; Briedis, V. modelling and biopharmaceutical evaluation of ciclopirox olamine gels. Acta Pol. Pharm., 2017, 74(2), 543-549.
[PMID: 29624259]
[64]
Minden, M.D.; Hogge, D.E.; Weir, S.J.; Kasper, J.; Webster, D.A.; Patton, L.; Jitkova, Y.; Hurren, R.; Gronda, M.; Goard, C.A.; Rajewski, L.G.; Haslam, J.L.; Heppert, K.E.; Schorno, K.; Chang, H.; Brandwein, J.M.; Gupta, V.; Schuh, A.C.; Trudel, S.; Yee, K.W.L.; Reed, G.A.; Schimmer, A.D. Oral ciclopirox olamine displays biological activity in a phase I study in patients with advanced hematologic malignancies. Am. J. Hematol., 2014, 89(4), 363-368.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajh.23640] [PMID: 24273151]
[65]
Tanol, M.; Weir, S. Methods of forming cyclopirox or derivatives thereof in a subject by administration of prodrug. US2016095870 (A1) 2016.
[66]
Hoare, T.R.; Kohane, D.S. Hydrogels in drug delivery: progress and challenges. Polymer (Guildf.), 2008, 49, 1993-2007.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2008.01.027]
[67]
Antoine, E.E.; Vlachos, P.P.; Rylander, M.N. Review of collagen I hydrogels for bioengineered tissue microenvironments: characterization of mechanics, structure, and transport. Tissue Eng. Part B Rev., 2014, 20(6), 683-696.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/ten.teb.2014.0086] [PMID: 24923709]
[68]
Eslahi, N.; Abdorahim, M.; Simchi, A. Smart polymeric hydrogels for cartilage tissue engineering: A Review on the chemistry and biological functions. Biomacromolecules, 2016, 17(11), 3441-3463.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.biomac.6b01235] [PMID: 27775329]
[69]
Hudson, S.P.; Langer, R.; Fink, G.R.; Kohane, D.S. Injectable in situ cross-linking hydrogels for local antifungal therapy. Biomaterials, 2010, 31(6), 1444-1452.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biomaterials.2009.11.016] [PMID: 19942285]
[70]
Ishima, T.; Naruse, M.; Kaneda, H.; Kanai, K.; Sekine, T.; Ota, S.; Yoshimura, T. Pharmaceutical composition for application to nail. US2017112780 (A1) 2017.
[71]
Kathiravan, M.K.; Salake, A.B.; Chothe, A.S.; Dudhe, P.B.; Watode, R.P.; Mukta, M.S.; Gadhwe, S. The biology and chemistry of antifungal agents: a review. Bioorg. Med. Chem., 2012, 20(19), 5678-5698.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bmc.2012.04.045] [PMID: 22902032]
[72]
Huang, P.; Wang, X.; Liang, X.; Yang, J.; Zhang, C.; Kong, D.; Wang, W. Nano-, micro-, and macroscale drug delivery systems for cancer immunotherapy. Acta Biomater., 2019, 85, 1-26.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actbio.2018.12.028] [PMID: 30579043]
[73]
Kong, X. Antifungal compounds, compositions and uses thereof. IE20140060 (A1) 2014.
[74]
Werbovetz, K. a; Boykin, D.W.; Rappleye, C. a; Farahat, A.; Abdelhameed, A.; Chen, C.-S. Anti-fungal treatment. WO2018045106 (A1) 2018.
[75]
Scott, R.W.; Freeman, K.B.; Tang, H.; Diamond, G. Compounds and methods for treating candidiasis and Aspergillus infections. US2016287586 (A1) 2016.
[76]
Bartizal, K.; Hughes, D.; Ong, V.; Radhakrishnan, B.; Bernkop-Schnürch, A.; Köllner, S.; Larch, M.-C.; Chen, A.X.; Lin, W.; Webb, J.A. Formulations for treating fungal infections. WO2017049105 (A1) 2017.
[77]
Cavassani, V.G. dos S. Andrade Sobrinho, J. de; Homem, M. da G.N.; Rapoport, A. oral candidiasis as prognostic marker of HIV-infected patients. Rev. Bras. Otorrinolaringol., 2002, 68, 630-634.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S0034-72992002000500005]
[78]
Lewis, M.A.O.; Williams, D.W. Diagnosis and management of oral candidosis. Br. Dent. J., 2017, 223(9), 675-681.
[http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.bdj.2017.886] [PMID: 29123282]
[79]
Winston, A.E.; Stockel, R.F.; Sawyer, A.J. Compositions for dental care. US2014303101 (A1) 2014.

Rights & Permissions Print Cite
Article Metrics
74
Wayfinder Image
© 2024 Bentham Science Publishers | Privacy Policy